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英語語法小知識匯總(編輯修改稿)

2025-05-11 04:43 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 買的大。I can39。t find my hat. I don39。 t know where I put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。one/another/the other one… the other 只有兩個         some… the others 有三個以上 one… another,another… some… others,others… others = other people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部 1) 泛指另一個用another。  2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個用one,另一個用the other。 3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個用one,另一個用one (another),第三個可用the other,a third?!?) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others?!?) 泛指別的人或物時,用others當在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時,也用others。 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each 1.a(chǎn)nyone 和 any one   anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。2.no one 和none  a) none 后跟of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨使用,只指人?!? b) none 作主語,謂語動詞用單,復數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。例如:   None of you could lift it. 你們中沒有人可舉起它?!? Did any one call me up just now? 剛才有人打電話給我嗎? No one.            沒有。every 和each1) every 強調(diào)全體的概念, each強調(diào)個體概念。例如:   Every student in our school works hard. 我們學校的學生都很用功。   Each student may have one book.. 每個學生都可有一本書。2) every 指三個以上的人或物(含三個),each指兩個以上的人或物 (含兩個)。3) every 只作形容詞,不可單獨使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。例如:   Every boy has to take one. 每個男孩必須取一個?! ? Each boy has to take one.    Each of the boys has to take one. 4) every不可以作狀語,each可作狀語。5) every 有反復重復的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒有。6) every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。例如:   Every man is not honest. 并非每個人都誠實。Each man is not honest. 這兒每個人都不誠實。both, either, neither, all, any, none   這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動詞之后,行為動詞之前或第一個助動詞之后。 1) both (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個),neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個人或物。例如:  Neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個男孩都不聰明。 2) both,either   both與復數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。例如:  Both the boys are clever.  兩個男孩都很聰明  Either of the two boys is clever.   There are flowers on both sides of the street. 路邊長滿了野花?!? There are flowers on either side of the street.  3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個), none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。例如:  All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了?!? I don39。t like any of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡?!? I like none of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。 注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動詞;跟復數(shù)名詞,用復數(shù)動詞。例如:    All of the students are there. 所有的學生都在那。    All (of) the milk is there.  所有的牛奶都在那。many, much   Many,much都意為許多, many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞。例如:   How many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了會議?! ?How much time has we left? 還剩多少時間?   Many of the workers were at the ?! ?Much of the time was spent on 。few, little, a few, a little (a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞 a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點 few / little 為否定含義,沒有多少了。例如: He has a few friends.   他有幾個朋友?!e has few friends.   他幾乎沒有朋友?!e still have a little time. 我們還有點時間?!here is little time left. 幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。固定搭配:only a few (=few)  not a few (=many)  quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如:  Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 賣出了許多書。典型例題:  Although he 39。s wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.  A. little  B. few C. a little  D. a few  答案: A. spend所指的是錢,不可數(shù),只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導的讓步狀語從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應用little表示幾乎不。形容詞和副詞 1. 形容詞及其用法  形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot。2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的  ?。ㄥe) He is an ill man.  ?。▽Γhe man is ill.  ?。ㄥe) She is an afraid girl.  ?。▽Γhe girl is afraid.   這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后。例如:something nice. 2. 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1) 大部分形容詞加ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞?!? 改錯: (錯) She sang lovely.    (錯) He spoke to me very friendly.    (對) Her singing was lovely.    (對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:   The Times is a weekly paper. 《時代周刊》為周刊?! ?The Times is published weekly. 《時代周刊》每周發(fā)行一期。3. 用形容詞表示類別和整體 1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復數(shù)連接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:   The poor are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。2) 有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復數(shù)連用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:   The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國人頗有幽默感。4. 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為:限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色)出處材料性質(zhì)類別名詞。例如:   a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例題:1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.   A. little two other B. two little other  C. two other little  D. little other two  答案:C。由限定詞數(shù)詞描繪詞(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) 性質(zhì)名詞的順序可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。2) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.  A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old  答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。3) How was your recent visit to Qingdao?  It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.  A. few last sunny  B. last few sunny  C. last sunny few  D. few sunny last答案:B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時,可參照:限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞,如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。5. 副詞及其基本用法 副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。一、副詞的位置1) 在動詞之前。2) 在be動詞、助動詞之后。  3) 多個助動詞時,副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。注意:  a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。例如:    We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of 。  b. 方式副詞well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。例如:   He speaks English well. 他英語說得好。二、副詞的排列順序:1) 時間,地點副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。2) 方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。例如:    Please write slowly and carefully. 請寫得慢一些,仔細一些3) 多個不同副詞排列:程度+地點+方式+時間副詞。注意:副詞very 可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞?!? 改錯:(錯) I very like English.     (對) I like English very much.注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。例如:   I don39。t know him well enough. 他我不熟悉?!  here is enough food for eve
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