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lecture7-英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)主題(編輯修改稿)

2025-02-04 12:10 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 人的利益。 Helping the truly poor is much worthier than merely narrowing inequalities. And helping the lower class rejoin mainstream of society is in the interests of all. 2. 增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ) 漢語(yǔ)句中常見無(wú)主句或主語(yǔ)隱含不顯的情況,翻譯時(shí)必須按照英文的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則增補(bǔ)合適的主語(yǔ)。增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)的原則,一是要推敲語(yǔ)境,二是要考慮英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法習(xí)慣和行文的需要。 1) 增加泛指的主語(yǔ) “we, you, one”等。 沒(méi)有良好的習(xí)慣,就不能在英語(yǔ)上取得很大的進(jìn)步。 Without good habit , you can’t make a great progress in English. 凡事應(yīng)該適度,適度是最安全的。 One should be moderate in all things, and moderation is always the safest way. (第二句將原文形容詞主語(yǔ)確定為譯文主語(yǔ),鑒于英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,翻譯時(shí)必須變換詞形。) 2) 增加英語(yǔ)代詞 it作主語(yǔ) 起大風(fēng)了。 It’s blowing hard. 自從理查德 尼克松同癌癥宣戰(zhàn)以來(lái)已經(jīng)有 30年了。 It is already three decades since Richard Nixon declared war on cancer. 大學(xué)的研究所才是初步研究學(xué)問(wèn)的所在。 It is graduate school in a university that is the place to do research work at a basic level. 3) 增加 there be… 舉例來(lái)說(shuō),在早先的法國(guó)洞穴繪畫里,早于公元前 10,000年的繪畫中沒(méi)有人與人打仗的畫面。 For example, among ancient French cave drawings earlier than 10, 000 ., there were no pictures describing people fighting with each other. 4) 增補(bǔ)合乎語(yǔ)境的主語(yǔ) 到了濟(jì)南府,進(jìn)得城來(lái),家家泉水,戶戶垂楊,比那江南風(fēng)景,覺(jué)得更為有趣。 When he reached Jinan and entered the city, there were flowing streams by every house and willow trees by every door, which delighted him even more than the scenery of the south. (劉鶚 《 老殘游記 》 ,楊憲益、戴乃迭譯) (從語(yǔ)篇角度看,主句中的 there were 改成 he saw flowing streams … 銜接更好,行文更流暢。) 沉默呵,沉默呵!不在沉默中爆發(fā),就在沉默中滅亡。 Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence! (魯迅 《 紀(jì)念劉和珍君 》 ,楊憲益、戴乃迭譯) 看著一堆老照片,心里掠過(guò)一絲絲歉意。 Lo
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