章振邦新編英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法lecture-(編輯修改稿)
2024-09-01 09:40 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 Some collective nouns have both singular and plural forms: (Please refer to on P27.) P46 b) Number forms of the material noun: Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no plural forms. But there are some such items that can be used either uncountably when used to mean the material itself, or countably when used in other senses: sand – sands。 water – waters。 food – foods。 fruit – fruits。 coffee – coffees。 rubber – rubbers。 stone – stones。 egg – eggs。 lamb – lambs。 onion – onions。 P51 c) Number forms of the abstract noun: Abstract nouns are mostly uncountable, .: Honesty is the best policy. Knowledge is power. But there are some abstract nouns that are countable like individual nouns, .: victory / a victory / two victories There are also abstract nouns that have plural endings but are uncountable. For instance, He is in financial difficulties. He is in several difficulties. In the case of some abstract nouns, the plural ending has the effect of changing the meaning of the base, .: The teachers met once a year to exchange experience. Have you had much experience in teaching English? Please tell us about your experiences in Africa. My life in China was an unfettable experience. We told each other our experiences abroad. More examples of abstract nouns that have both singular and plural forms: relation – relations。 youth – youths。 worry – worries。 distraction – distractions。 business – businesses。 kindness – kindnesses。 Some abstract noncount nouns have semantically related individual nouns as their countable equivalents: laughter – laughs。 work – jobs。 correspondence – letter, notes, etc. photography – photos。 permission – permit。 music – songs。 fun – joy。 homework – exercises。 P51 Some English nouns such as family, room, mouth, ear, etc. seem to be only countable nouns. However, they can express abstract senses in certain collocations: to have too much family(= too heavy family
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