【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 (2) malignant hyperpyrexia anesthesia→muscle hypertonia (3) exposed to hot environment 第三講 體液 (body fluid) (參考：獸醫(yī)解剖生理學(xué) (中 ) ) 一 。 Fluid Compartments (一 )Distribution fluid (ICF) (70%) (78%) fluid (ISF) / lymph (20%) fluid＊ (23%) ＊ A special form of ECF which is secreted by specialized cells other than the capillary endothelium. － intraocular, cerebrospinal, synovial, peritoneal, pleural fluids. (二 )Compositions ? Typical conc. of major ions (mEq / L) in three fluid partments Ca Cl HCO3 K Mg Na HPO4= Protein Plasma 5 105 27 5 3 155 2 17 ECF 3 110 29 2 150 1 － ICF ＞ 5 10 150 28 8 100 65 二。 GibbsDonnan Equilibrium (unstable equilibrium) partment 1 | partment 2 (5 mole ) | (10mole) Na+ | Na+ P | Cl to GibbsDonnan Rule： [Na＋ ]1 x [Cl－ ]1 = [Na＋ ]2 x [Cl－ ]2,if： [Cl－ ]1 = X, then [Na＋ ]1=C1+X and： (C1+X) X = (C2－ X) (C2－ X), X= 10 x 10 /[5 +(2 x 10)]=4 so： [Na＋ ]1 = 9, [Cl－ ]1 = 4, [Na＋ ]2 = [Cl－ ]2= 6. the Electroneutrality the Concentration Gradient － Osmotic Pressure Gradient …………………………………………………… ~ Life goes on ! ~ …………………………………………………… ＊ Stability can be achieved by： rigid walls /hydrostatic (pressure) forces /active transport mechanism 三。 Fluid balance (plasma / tissue) 1. hydrostatic pressure： blood pressure(BP) / fluid pressure(FP) 2. colloid osmotic pressure (COP) 3. arterial end / venous end 4. filtration pressure (a) / reabsorption pressure(b) . (dog) ARTERIAL END VENOUS END___ COP 25 mm Hg 25 mm Hg (Blood) BP 32 mm Hg 12 mm Hg_______ COP 10 mm Hg 10 mm Hg ( ISF ) FP 5 mm Hg 5 mm Hg_______ 四。 Regulation of acidbase balance A substance which has the ability to bind or release H＋ in solution, thus maintaining the pH of a solution relatively constant despite the addition of considerable quantities of acid or base. In the RBC： Hb or HbO2 / HHb or HHbO2 In the plasma： protein or HCO3－ /H protein or HHCO3－ effects of kidney and lung on pH regulation (參考：獸醫(yī)解剖生理學(xué) (中 ) ) 五。 Clinical Review 1. 臨床脫水病例治療之考量 (1)脫水之程度 → 減輕之體重 → 失去之水分：下痢後之體液量 (2)正常總 Na量與下痢後之總 Na量：估算損失之 Na量 (3)下痢前後之 Na差值估算 ECF量與 ICF量 ： 估算兩者之損失量 治療設(shè)計 (mEq/L) Na K＋ Ca＋＋ Cl－ HCO3－ lactated Ringer’s soln. 130 4 3 109 28 multisolRinger’s soln. 140 5 0 98 50 % saline 154 0 0 154 0 plasmaLyte A 140 5 0 96 50 五 。 Clinical Review 2. Edema (caused by Increased Venous Pressure) ↑Venous Pressure ↓ ↑Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure ↓ ↑Filtration ↓ ↑Interstitial Fluid Volume (edema) ↓ ↑Interstitial Fluid Pressure ↓ ↑Lymph Flow ↓Interstitial Protein Concentration 第四講 消化道生理學(xué) (Upper Alimentary Tract) (參考：獸醫(yī)解剖生理學(xué) (中 ) ) 一。內(nèi)容： (一 )採食 (prehension) (purpose)： energy produced (selective grazing conditions)： period(safety) site (leaf / stem； green / dry； special content) sense (sight, touch,taste, smell)： signals (chemical / vibration ) ex. molecular concentration(specific chemical form?chemical ‘noise’) relative intensity: the number of molecules received the number of appropriate receptors： total numb