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[小學(xué)教育]mems技術(shù)第六講噪聲與器件的性能(編輯修改稿)

2025-01-03 23:23 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 s n sZ f a G fGfZ Z a m Q????0/ 4 ( 11)BkT?? Voutn=[(Vsn+Ve1n)A1+Ve2n]*A2 Voutn是電路最終輸出的噪聲; Vsn是 sensornoise。 Ve1n, Ve2n是一級(jí)放大器和二級(jí)放大器的電噪聲; A1和 A2是一級(jí)和二級(jí)放大器的放大倍數(shù)。 按照等效噪聲的功率譜計(jì)算辦法,這些信號(hào)將成平方關(guān)系,這也解釋了為什么放大器一般采用二級(jí)放大,而且第一級(jí)一般采用低噪聲低倍數(shù)放大的緣故。 上式還可以看出傳感器的靈敏度是可以放大的,但分辨率和信躁比是不可以放大的。 例子: ? Resolution=noise (equivalent output) / sensitivity, unit is the same as input, amplify will not be useful for the resolution, but for sensitivity. (X*A1+Ynoiseequitvalent)*A2+ Yeleequitvalent=Y, X is input, Y is output, A1 is sensitivity of sensor, A2 is electrical amplifier, Ynoiseequitvalent is noise equitavalent Y, Yeleequitvalent is electronicnoise equitavalent , the whole sensitivity of system is Y/X=A1*A2, resolution of the system is ( A2*Ynoiseequitvalent+ Ynoiseequitvalent) /( Y/X) ? 由于原子的熱運(yùn)動(dòng), 1/2KT的隨機(jī)能量噪聲在任意地方任何靜止時(shí)刻都是存在的,可以用能量的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)進(jìn)行靜態(tài)估計(jì); ? 由于電子的熱運(yùn)動(dòng)形成了電流,電流隨機(jī)存在,均值為零,動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存在,功率隨溫度可變,從頻率域看來(lái),其功率在頻率上保持 4KT,只對(duì)電阻有效;類似的,對(duì)應(yīng)于機(jī)械系統(tǒng), 4KT只對(duì)應(yīng)阻尼有效; ? 對(duì)于二階機(jī)械系統(tǒng): 4KT*df*c(此處, df是帶寬, c是阻尼,不是阻尼比什么的,即 F=c*v)就是系統(tǒng)的擾動(dòng)功率(即 1/2m*v*v/t, 也可寫作 F*v, 此處, F是擾動(dòng)力, v是速度,其大小可以用 F/c算出來(lái)),相當(dāng)于二階電子系統(tǒng)的V*V/R, F相當(dāng)于 R。 ? 11233: ? A review to last lesson.: using piezoresistor as example ? Capacitor sensor: ? same Stonebridge as used in piezoresistor, input a Vin ? input positive curve and a negative curve voltage (V+V): a example is given to caculate sensitivity\noise\resolution anasys (with consideration with amplify circuit) ? noise came from the distribute capacitance which influence capacitor much more than piezoresistor ? 112334: ? capacitor sensor: ? a calculation to how f, and resolution of a accerameter are designed due to noise. (1kHz frequency requirement and noise existing are tranfered into a resolution of ) ? distributed capacitor and amplifier circuit noise, and how to get rid of those noises Example: Gyro MDS Calculation 根據(jù)下圖,畫出壓阻加速度計(jì)的噪聲模型,途中的 Cp需要改成 R和 Cp的并聯(lián)。計(jì)算方式可參考陀螺的計(jì)算過程。 ? ?2c c dF m a m x? ? ? ? ??The gyro sense presents a large effective source impedance ?Currents are the imprtant variable。 voltages are “opend” out ?Must pare i0 with the total current noise ieqTOT going into the amplifier circuit B. The simple Pressure snesor In the simple pressure snesor, the moving mass is directly exposed to the incident acoustic pressure and the displacement of this mass is measured. Such a sensor is shown schematically in Fig. 3. For an arbitrary force F, the displacement response Z is ? ? / ( 12)Z F G f k?IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES, VOL. 40, NO. 5. MAY 1993 MechanicalThermal Noise in Micromachined Acoustic and Vibration Sensors For signal, the force F=psS, where S is the area of the transducer face and ps is the spectral density of the signal pressure。 for noise, the force , so the signaltonoise ratio is 4 BF k TR?? ? ? ?2 22 0/ / 4 / 4 ( 1 3 )s n s B s BZ Z p S k TR Q p S k T m???例子:壓力 電容的例子 ?以差壓(電壓)電源供電來(lái)檢查電容的變化,需要后接放大電路。放大電路的輸入電容 Cp對(duì)被測(cè)電容的影響較大( Cp通常比參考電容 C0要大的多),而且傳感器的輸入電容還包
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