【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 orm many steps. ? Purchasing issue a order to supplier and send a copy to accounts payable function. ? Upon arrival, the inventory function sends a copy of receiving doc to payable function. ? When the invoice arrives, the payable function matches it against the order and the receiving doc before issuing payment to the supplier. ? Much efforts are needed to resolve discrepancies, and a total 14 data items must be checked. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 28 A Example: Ford Accounts Payable Department Supplier Purchasing Department Central Database Purchase Order Copy Electronic Payment Goods Goods Inward New Process PO sent electronically Accounts Payable 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 29 AFTER BPR ? With only 25% work force, the 3 functions participate in the process directly by accessing a shared database, eliminating many inter steps and paper doc. ? Purchase order is entered into the database. ? Upon arrival, the inventory function accesses the database. If a match is found the database is updated. ? The payable function check the database routinely and prepare payment for the suppliers. ? Matching is checked by puter and only 3 deta items need to be checked in the process. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 30 A Example: Ford Accounts Payable Department ? Oute of BPR: ? No invoice was required. ? The number of date items to be checked was reduced from 14 to 3, and checked automatically by puter. ? Achieved a 75% reduction of employees in Accounts Payable Department. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 31 Summay ? Traditional anizational structures have been built around functions and hierarchy which have served enterprises well in the past. However, they have proven slow in responding to the needs of today?s petitive environment. ? BPR challenging many of the assumptions on which anization have been built and puts process firmly on the management agenda. By redesigning these process it is possible to effect step improvement in the performance of these processes. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 32 Information Technology and Business Process ? Business process have existed and evolved long before the advent of modern puter. ? Many anizations are attempting to leverage the advancing IT to facilitate the cooperation between functional units and increase the anization?s flexibility and responsiveness. ? Such efforts often involve the fundamental redesign of business processes that cross functional units. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 33 Information Technology and Business Process ? As the database technology matured, many anization began ti build systems centered around business process that cross functional units. ? Telemunication provide opportunities for improving collaboration among personnel from different functional units in their efforts to acplish a mon business process. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 34 Information Technology and Business Process ? To effectively leverage IT in BPR, certain characteristics of a business process may be changed to achieve dramatic improvement in critical measures of performance. ? These characteristics is related to how different functions are coupled to each other for producing a mon outes. ? The identification of different patterns based on these descriptive process characteristics can help set strategic direction and guidelines in efforts to alter the current coupling patterns of business processes through BPR. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 35 Functional Coupling of Business Process ? The way various functions are cooperated in acplishing a process ., the functional coupling of a process can be differentiated along two dimensions: degree of mediation and degree of collaboration. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 36 The Degree of Mediation of a Business Process ? Many functions are involved in a typical process。 ? Each participating function has inputs and outputs which would either directly facilitates the process oute or serve as inputs to other functions. ? The extent of such sequential flow of input and output among these functions in a business process constitutes the degree of mediation dimension of a process. 2021年 12月 1日 Business Process Reengineering 37 R K P Q X P T X Q P T X Q T X P Q T