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說明:除 result from 表示前果后因外,其它皆為前因后果。 副詞包括: so 所以 thus 因此 hence 因此 therefore 因此 consequently 因此(強調(diào)結(jié)果) ① so = thus = therefore 三者的意思和用法相同, hence 后面的主語和謂語常要省略。 ▲ He ate too much cake, consequently he was ill. 他吃了太多蛋糕,結(jié)果他病了。 ▲ The hotel was built by the side of a river, hence ( it was given) the name of Riverside Hotel. 該賓館建在河邊,因此有“河濱賓館”之稱。 六 . 結(jié)果狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause of Result) 結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞包括: that(結(jié)果,以致) so that(結(jié)果,以致) sothat(如此 以致) suchthat(如此 以致) 1) His behavior is such that he is always criticized. 他的表現(xiàn)很差,所以總是受到批評。 2) He is very young that he cannot join the army. = He is very young, so that he cannot join the army. = He is so young that he cannot join the army. = He is such a young man that he cannot join the army. 他很年輕,所以不能參軍。 ① “so that”做結(jié)果狀語從句連詞時, 主句和從句之間要用 逗號隔開 。 ② 在“ so that”中間, 一定要用形容詞或副詞原級 。 ③ 在“ suchthat”中間, 一定要用名詞 。如果是 可數(shù)名詞單 數(shù) ,則必須加上 a 或 an,如果是 不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞 復(fù)數(shù) ,則 不用加任何冠詞 。 ④ 在 such that 和 so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中, 如果 我們 將“ such” 或 “ so”置于句首,那么必須實行局部倒裝, 局部倒裝形式: so \ such + 被修飾成分 + be動詞 +主語。 So tall is he that he has to bend down to get into his car. = Such a tall man is he that he has to bend down to get into his car. 注意事項: 除上述連詞外,下面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表達(dá) 結(jié)果狀語 的意思 : tooto (太 以致不能) soas to (如此 以致) such as to (如此 以致) not enough to (不夠 以致不能 ) ▲ He is so young that he can39。t join the army . = He is too young to join the army. = He is so young as not to join the army. = He is such a young man as not to join the army. = He is not old enough to join the army. ① 各句劃線部分均為不定式短語 ,做 結(jié)果狀語 。 ② 在 tooto和 notenough to中的“ to”,均含有否定 的意思,可譯為:“ 以致不能 ”。 七 . 條件狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause of Condition) 條件狀語從句分為: 1)真實條件狀語從句 。 2)非真實條 件狀語從句。此處,只講真實條件狀語從句,非真實條件狀 語從句,可參閱本書虛擬語氣部分。 條件從句連詞有下面 14 個: if(如果) as long as(只要) only if(只要) so long as(只要) given that(如果) granting that(如果) provided that(如果) granted that(如果) providing that(如果) suppose that(如果) unless(除非,如果不) supposing(如果) on condition that(如果) in case(如果,萬一) 1) If she es to see me, please tell me at once. 如果她來看我,請立刻告訴我。 ① 句中的 if可以用下列連詞代替,而不會改變從句的意思: suppose that supposing that granting that provided that providing that granted that given that。 說明:上述連詞后面的“ that”均可省去。 2) You can take this book only if you return it on time. 只要你按時歸還,你便可以把這本書借走。 ① 句中的“ only if”可以由 as long as或 so long as代替, 而絲毫不會改變從句的意思。 3) I shall punish you unless you arrive here on time. 如果你不按時到達(dá)這里,我就懲罰你。 ① unless的意思相當(dāng)于 if not,兩者可以交替使用。 Unless you e here = if you do not e here. 4) Please send me a message in case you have any difficulty. 萬一 你有困難,請給我捎個信。 注意事項: 如果 條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句 表達(dá) 主語個人的意愿 ,那么可以 加上 will或 would。否則, 只能用一般現(xiàn)在時,代替現(xiàn)在將來時;用一般 過去時,代替過去將來時。 例如: 1) If you will go there, I39。ll go with you . 如果你 愿意 去那里,我就跟你去。 2) I shall be back when she will accept me. 當(dāng)她 愿意 接受我的時候,我就回去。 3) He would be very glad if you would e yesterday. 如果你昨天 愿意 來,他會非常高興。 4) He said that he39。d be back when she would accept him. 他說當(dāng)她 愿意 接受他的時候,他就回去。 八 . 讓步狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause of Concession) 讓步狀語從句可由下列 11個連詞引出: though(雖然) although(雖然) whetheror(無論 還是) beor(無論 還是) as / that / while(雖然) even if \ though(即使) granting \ granted that(即使) 除上述連詞外,讓步狀語從句還可以由下列連詞引出: whoever = no matter who (無論誰,做主語) whomever = no matter whom(無論誰,做賓語) however = no matter how (無論如何,做方式狀語) wherever = no matter where (無論哪里,做地點狀語) whenever = no matter when (無論何時,做時間狀語) whatever = no matter what (無論什么,做主語或賓語) whichever = no matter which(無論哪一個,做定語或賓 語) 1. Although和 though的用法與區(qū)別: Although he is poor, he is very honest. 他雖然窮,但很誠實。 釋: Although可以用 though代替,意思相同。不過