【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 is the factor that can move between sectors. 9. HeckscherOhlin theorem: Countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors of production and import goods that make intensive use of locally scarce factors of production. 10. Factor intensive refers to a certain factor was required for a large expenditure in parison to other factor. 第三部分 名詞解釋 反傾銷：一個定價的做法，即堅(jiān)定費(fèi)良好的出口比它以更低的價格在國內(nèi)銷售的相同。 邊際收益：額外的收入，出售一個單位公司的收益。 移動的因素是可以移動的因素，各部門之間 赫克歇爾俄林定理：國家將出口的貨物，使生產(chǎn)和進(jìn)口貨物在本地豐富的因素，大量使用，使當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)要素集約利用有限的。 要素密集是指某一個因素是，相較于其他因素，需要大量的開支。 第三部分 名詞解釋 abundance means a country owned by the relative proportions of the two factors of production. tariff is a tariff which maximizes a country39。s welfare, trading off improvement in the terms of trade against restriction of trade quantities. is a tax levied by the customs with the authorization of the government on the goods and items which access to the customs territory. 14. Dual economy is an economy prising two very different systems, and found in many developing countries where an advanced economy coexists with a traditional economy and the two have very little contact with each other. 15. local content requirement is a regulation that requires that some specified fraction of a final good be produced domestically. 第三部分 名詞解釋 11要素充裕是指生產(chǎn)的兩個因素的相對比例擁有多的國家。 ，貿(mào)易興起對貿(mào)易的數(shù)量限制貿(mào)易條件的改善。 ，海關(guān)征收授權(quán)的訪問關(guān)稅領(lǐng)土。 14。雙經(jīng)濟(jì)是由兩個完全不同的系統(tǒng)，在許多發(fā)展中國家，又發(fā)現(xiàn)一個先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作存在著傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和兩個方面都與對方接觸。 15。當(dāng)?shù)睾康囊笫且豁?xiàng)條例，規(guī)定某些特定部分的最終產(chǎn)品在國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)。 第三部分 名詞解釋 16. External economies of scale occurs when the cost per unit depends on the size of the industry but not necessarily on the size of any one firm. 17. internal economies of scale occurs when the cost per unit depends on the size of an individual firm but not necessarily on that of the industry. 18. Intraindustry trade is the international trade that involve the exchange of differentiated products of the same industry or broad product group. 19. Dumping is a pricing practice in which a firm charges a lower price for exported goods than it does for the same goods sold domestically. 20. Intertemporal trade refers to trade of goods today for goods in the future. 第三部分 名詞解釋 ? 16。外部規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)生時，單位成本取決于產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模，但沒有任何一個企業(yè)規(guī)模不一定。 17。內(nèi)部規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)生時，單位成本取決于一個人的公司規(guī)模，但沒有對行業(yè)的必然。 18。產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易是國際貿(mào)易涉及到同行業(yè)或廣泛的產(chǎn)品差異化的產(chǎn)品組交流。 19。傾銷是一個定價的做法，即一家公司收取了較低的價格出口貨物比同類產(chǎn)品不內(nèi)銷。 20。跨期貿(mào)易是指貨物貿(mào)易貨物現(xiàn)在以及未來。 第四部分 簡答題 (20分 ) 1. There are seven themes which arise throughout the book, what are they? (1) the gains from trade。 (2) the pattern of trade。 (3) protectionism。 (4) the balance of payments。 (5) exchange rate determination。 (6) international policy coordination。 (7) the international capital market. 2. According to the StolperSamuelson Theorem, if the relative price of a good increases, holding factor supplies constant, then the nominal and real return (in terms of both goods) to the factor used intensively in the production of that good increases, while the nominal and real return (in terms of both goods) to the other factor decreases. The reverse is also true. 第四部分 簡答題 (20分 ) ? 1。有 7個主題，貫穿本書的出現(xiàn)，它們是什么？ （ 1）從貿(mào)易的成果 。 （ 2）貿(mào)易模式 。 （ 3）保護(hù)主義 。 （ 4）收支差額 。 （ 5）匯率決定 。 （ 6）國際政策協(xié)調(diào) 。 （ 7）在國際資本市場。 2。根據(jù)斯托爾帕一薩繆爾森定理，如果一個好的相對價格上升，供應(yīng)持有因素不變，那么名義和實(shí)際回報(bào)率（無論是貨物方面），以用于增加生產(chǎn)的良好深入的因素，而名義和實(shí)際收益（無論是貨物計(jì)算）下降的其他因素。反過來也是如此。 第四部分 簡答題 3. Why is the . model called the factorproportion theory? Explain. The . model explores the nature and the limitations of assuming that the sole determinant of parative advantage is intercountry differences in relative factor proportions. Countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors of production and import goods that make intensive use of locally scarce factors of production. 4. What is Rybczynski Theorem ? Rybczynski Theorem shows that if a factor of production increases, then the supply of the good that uses this factor intensively increases and the supply of the other good decreases for any given modity prices. The reverse is also true. 5. What are the Differences between the specific factors model and the HeckscherOhlin model in terms of ine distribution effects? ① The specificity of factors to particular industries is often only a temporary problem. ② In contrast, effects of trade on the distribution of ine among land, labor, and capital are more or less permanent. 第四部分 簡答題 (20分 ) ? .模型稱為因素的比重理論？解釋。 在赫克歇爾俄林模式探索的性質(zhì)和假設(shè)的局限性比較優(yōu)勢的唯一決定因素是跨相對要素比例的國家差異。國家將出口的貨物，使生產(chǎn)和進(jìn)口貨物在本地豐富的因素，大量使用，使當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)要素集約利用有限的。 4。布津斯基定理是什么？ 布津斯基定理表明，如果一種生產(chǎn)要素的增加，那么，供應(yīng)良好，使用這個因素深入的增加和對商品價格的任何其他良好跌幅供應(yīng)。反過來也是如此。 5。什么是收入分配的影響方面的具體因素之間的模型和赫克歇爾俄林模式的差異？ 特異性的因素特定行業(yè)往往只是暫時性的問題。 相反，對貿(mào)易影響收入中土地，勞動力分配，資本或多或少永久化。 第四部分 簡答題 6. Please briefly explain The theory of the second best. The theory of the second best states that a handsoff policy is desirable in any one market only if all other markets are working properly. If one market fails to work properly, a government intervention may actually increase welfare. 7. Please briefly explain the Infant Industry Argument. The Infant Industry Argument states that dev