【正文】 e advantage is intercountry differences in relative factor proportions. Countries will export those goods that make intensive use of locally abundant factors of production and import goods that make intensive use of locally scarce factors of production. 4. What is Rybczynski Theorem ? Rybczynski Theorem shows that if a factor of production increases, then the supply of the good that uses this factor intensively increases and the supply of the other good decreases for any given modity prices. The reverse is also true. 5. What are the Differences between the specific factors model and the HeckscherOhlin model in terms of ine distribution effects? ① The specificity of factors to particular industries is often only a temporary problem. ② In contrast, effects of trade on the distribution of ine among land, labor, and capital are more or less permanent. 第四部分 簡答題 (20分 ) ? .模型稱為因素的比重理論？解釋。國家將出口的貨物，使生產(chǎn)和進口貨物在本地豐富的因素，大量使用，使當?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)要素集約利用有限的。布津斯基定理是什么？ 布津斯基定理表明，如果一種生產(chǎn)要素的增加，那么，供應良好，使用這個因素深入的增加和對商品價格的任何其他良好跌幅供應。 5。 相反，對貿(mào)易影響收入中土地，勞動力分配，資本或多或少永久化。請簡單介紹一下第二個最好的理論。如果市場不能正常工作，政府的干預可能實際上增加福利。請簡要解釋幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)參數(shù)。這意味著，這是一個好主意，用關稅或臨時措施，得到進口配額的工業(yè)化開始。什么是談判的好處？ 在談判的好處是比較容易降低關稅，作為做多的單邊政策，使雙方協(xié)議的一部分，因為： 它有助于調(diào)動出口商支持自由貿(mào)易。 第四部分 簡答題 are 4 key relationship on which the standard trade model is built. What are they? P95: The standard trade model is built on four key relationships: ? Production possibility frontier and the relative supply curve ? Relative prices and relative demand ? World relative supply and world relative demand ? Terms of trade and national welfare 10. What are 3 steps for determining the number of firms and the average price charged ? P129: The method for determining the number of firms and the average price charged involves three steps: ? We derive a relationship between the number of firms and the average cost of a typical firm. ? We derive a relationship between the number of firms and the price each firm charges. ? We derive the equilibrium number of firms and the average price that firms charge. ? 9標準貿(mào)易模型有 4個關鍵關系。什么是確定的企業(yè)數(shù)量和平均價格的 3步驟收費？ P129：在確定企業(yè)數(shù)量和平均價格法的收費包括三個步驟： 我們推導出一個企業(yè)之間的人數(shù)和典型企業(yè)的平均成本的關系。 我們的企業(yè)獲得均衡的數(shù)量和平均價格，企業(yè)負責。 And of Country R at point F. ① If trade were to open up between these two countries, which would export Cloth and which would export Wheat? ② Is this consistent with the HeckscherOhlin model? Explain. 計算問答題 (10分 ) ? 1。兩個國家在這個模型中，磷，河 P存在比較豐富的勞動力（長），在右下角的水平軸表示（橫坐標右下方）。 E D Wheat Cloth Pc/Pw K/L F B A R M P W/R 計算問答題 1 計算問答題 1 答案 : （ 1） Country R would export W. （ 2） This is consistent with the HO model. The country which is relatively capital abundant exports the product which is relatively capital intensive. 計算問答題 2 Assume that Boeing (.) and Airbus (European Union) both wish to enter the Indian market with the next new generation airliner. They both have identical cost and demand conditions (as indicated in the graph below). (1) Assume that Boeing is the first to enter the India market. Without a government subsidy what price would they demand, and what would be their total profits? (2) What is the consumer surplus enjoyed by India consumers of Boeing aircraft in the above situation? (3) Suppose the European government provides Airbus with a subsidy of $4 for each airplane sold, and that the subsidy convinces Boeing to exit the Hungarian market. Now Airbus would be the monopolist in this market. What price would they charge, and what would be their total profits? (4) What would be the cost of the subsidy to European taxpayers? (5) What happens to the Consumer Surplus of India customers as a result of this subsidy? (6) What is the revenue gain or loss for Europe as a whole (including taxpayers)? 計算問答題 2 ? 假設波音公司（美國）和空中客車公司（歐洲聯(lián)盟）都希望進入下一個新的新一代客機的印度市場。 （ 1）假設，波音公司是第一家進入印度市場?，F(xiàn)在，空中客車公司將是這個市場的壟斷。 （ 3）價格為 2,000萬元，利潤總額是48000000 （ 4）補貼的費用，歐洲的納稅人是 24000000美元 （ 5）為增加 2,000萬元， （ 6） 2400萬美元收益 計算問答題 3 1. The figure below represents the demand and cost functions facing a Japan Steel producing monopolist. If it were unable to export, and was constrained by its domestic market, what quantity would it sell at what price? 2. Now the monopolist discovers that it can export as much as it likes of its steel at the world price of $60/ton. It will therefore expand for export production up to the point where its marginal cost equals $60. How much steel will the monopolist sell, and at what price? 3. While selling exports it would also maximize its domestic sales by equating its marginal (opportunity) cost to its marginal revenue of $60. How much steel would the firm sell domestically, and at what price? 計算問答題 3 ? 1。如果無法出口，并受到國內(nèi)市場的限制，多少數(shù)量將它出售代價是什么？ 2。因此，它將擴大出口生產(chǎn)了，以至于它的邊際成本等于 60美元。在銷售的出口也將最大限度地等同于它的邊際（機會在國內(nèi)銷售）的成本 60美元的邊際收益。在勞動力總供給為 100個單位。計算每 50名工人，并在 90名工人生產(chǎn)勞動的邊際產(chǎn)品。假設物品的相對價格下降 1相對于 2的價格。計算的具體因素，資本和土地收入在良好的 2相對價格下降的影響。在 50名工人的邊際產(chǎn)品 產(chǎn)品 1 MPL1 =（ 6860） /（ 5040） = 有關產(chǎn)品的 2 MPL2 =（ 8275） /（ 5040） = 在 90名工人的邊際產(chǎn)品 產(chǎn)品 1 MPL1 =（ 8986） /（ 9080） = 產(chǎn)品 2是 MPL2 =（ 10097） /（ 9080） = 2。因此，在產(chǎn)品相對價格下降 1會降低對勞動力的需求，將導致工資率的下降。因為良好的 2使用的土地，在其相對價格下降將導致在土地租金下降，以及在對資本回報率增