【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 the evening. That night, among many drunken Navajos at Paco’s, the local bar, Abel and the albino have a tense conversation and leave the bar. Abel kills the albino and watches his blood drip in the rain. Obviously Abel could not kill the albino just for the reason that he was blooded by him in the game. Besides, some characters, such as Father Olguin, see Abel’s actions as instinctual. Olguin believes Abel, under the influence of peyote, misinterpreted the albino as some other being that was pure evil. According to the belief of Indians, the albino always embodied the evil spirit and should be killed. From this point, father Olguin’s explanation makes sense. No matter for what reason Abel kills the albino, Abel seems never know that he has to take the responsibility for murdering an innocent man and almost without any hesitation he stabs the albino with a dagger and still watches his death for a long time as if he was looking for something from that. Actually he surely is. Abel wants to regain his identity and reenter the Indian world whatever it will cost. He kills the albino as his ancestors did according to the tradition, because he believes he can bee a true Indian again through the ceremony of killing the evil embodied in the albino. 2. Challenger of the Ruling Authority As an Indian young man, Abel has a potential rebellion to the old Indian tradition because of the inplete prehension of its culture. It is this rebellion that drives Abel leave his mother culture when the feeling of being foreign grows wild. It is reckless for Abel to leave his land, which finally leads to his identity losing. Abel’s recklessness could also be seen from his behavior in Los Angles city when he is caught in the white world which is strange and hard to understand for the Indians, especially an Indian prisoner. a) To Indian Authority Abel’s inability to adhere to the rules of tradition results from his inplete prehension of Indian tradition, but obviously Abel does not realize this and act almost recklessly against the important values of Indians. All of Abel’s rebellion against the tradition finally brings about the break between Francisco and Abel: 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué) 2020 屆本科優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）選集 442 “…you ought to do this and that, his grandfather said. But the old man had not underst ood, would not understand, and Abel left him alone. It was time to go, and the old man was away in the field.” (Momaday 25) Abel’s decision is the final rejection of authority, grown out of the conviction that in the rigidness of his tribal environment he will not have fulfillment and an identity. His leaving is a departure in dread, acpanied by a fear of an unknown future in an unknown world. b) To White World Authority When Abel leaves his tribe and has to work in the white world, he still cannot fulfill his inner equilibrium in the city Los Angeles. His Indian nature makes him never obey the white world rules or change his identity. The narrative voice of “Priest of the Sun” is countered in Abel’s consciousness as he is lying, delirious from alcohol and the brutal beating he received from Martinez, who is brutal, sadistic police officer and represents the white rules and authority. Benally also asserts that Martinez would stop in at the bar sometimes to pick up bribessometimes a free bottle of liquor, sometimes money. Benally clarifies some of the details of Abel’s life in Los Angeles. He remembers that after his release from prison, Abel is brought to the factory where Benally works. Feeling sorry for him, Benally gives him a place to live in and goes out to bars and to the beach with him. When they are stopped by Martinez and Abel does not respond appropriately, Martinez hits his hands with his nightstick. His bones are not broken, but the senseless and brutal act alienates Abel from white civilization, and Abel’s pride is so inparable that soon he stops going to work, and spends his days drinking and wandering the streets: “He went downhill pretty fast after that. Sometimes he was here when I came in from work, and sometimes he wasn’t. He was drunk about half the time, and I couldn’t keep up with him ....”(Mamady 105) Then the two men have a fight and Abel leaves, not returning until three days later, when he shows up at the apartment badly beaten and seemingly near death. It is never revealed what has happened to Abel during these three days of absence: all we can surmise from the previous chapter is that Abel is badly beaten by a group of men and is left on the beach. All the mistreatment to Abel indicates the pride of Abel estranging him in the white world and his recklessness of holding his own inplete identity. He could lead a peaceful life in Los Angles as Ben does, but he is not willing to, at least not willing to, change himself to flatter the white authority. So he chooses to be libertine. B Libertinism It seems to be human’s nature that when he or she encounters something really difficult or frustrated and could not find a way out, he or she may likely turn to alcohol at his or her first thought to escape as if alcohol is a kind of spiritual fort. That is what Abel does in the novel. Alcoholism follows his pain all the time. He cannot stop drinking as he can never get rid of the pain. In addition, his libertinism is also indicated from his relationship with women. He wants to heal the disequilibrium of the mentality and gets out of the dilemma through bining him to women who have Indian characteristics or the white culture features. But it proves that it will not work. 1. Alcoholism Throughout the novel, Abel is haunted with the alcohol and seldom wakes up from it. It can be found in every chapter. When Abel returns to his grandfather, after having served in the US Army in World War Ⅱ , he is drunk. His flight into alcohol indicates his inability to cope with the ho