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not to mention:更不用說 let alone:更不用說 no more? than?:和??一樣都不 no less than:簡直是 nothing less than:完全是 cannot? too?:再??也不過分 rather than:而不是 owing to:由于 It is assumed that:人們認為 It is said that:據(jù)說 It is learned that:據(jù)聞 It is supposed that:據(jù)推測 It is considered that:據(jù)估計 It is believed that:人們認為 It is reported that:據(jù)報道 It is wellknown that:眾所周知 It is asserted that:有人斷言 It is clear/obvious/evident that:很顯然 It can’t be denied that:不可否認 It must be admitted that:必須承認 It must be pointed that:必須指出PAGES |287 頁 考研英語長難句( 1) ◎ 大寶 1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (難度系數(shù) 5,下同) ◎大寶考研版權(quán)所有,拒絕轉(zhuǎn)載◎ Ub662NeiIs 譯文:那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量,并因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。 難句類型:倒裝、省略 a 本句的正常語序應(yīng)當是: That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will ◎ have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be That sex ratio 之后的以 which 引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語從句,如果按照以上語序,則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長長的從句倒裝成謂語 will be favored 之后。 b 在 which 引導(dǎo)的從句中,有兩處省略:第一處在 maximize 的第一個賓語 the number of descendants that an individuall will have 中, an individuall will have 是修飾 descendants 的定語從句,但是,因為 descendants 在從句中作 have 的賓語,所以引導(dǎo)詞 that 可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個 the number of 之前,省略了與前面一樣的成分 that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence 在此表示后面的成分作為前面“最大化一個個體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。 意群訓(xùn)練: That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual ◎ will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. ◎大寶考研版權(quán)所有,拒絕轉(zhuǎn)載◎ 2. ( This is ) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the ◎大 desire on the part of what we might consider a novelistscientist to record exactly and concretely ◎大寶 the structure and texture of a flower . (5++)復(fù)雜 +倒裝 +省略 。 (這是一種)照亮現(xiàn)實的欲望,此欲望從來就不會唐突的取代后面的那種欲望,后者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個兼任小說加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的欲望。 解釋:本句子的難度在一切 GRE、 GMAT 包括 LSAT 考 試中所出現(xiàn)的難句中堪稱登峰造極,可以確定地講,類似此句子的難度的語言,在計算機考試的現(xiàn)場絕無可能出現(xiàn)。如果對此句話不感興趣,可以把其廢掉不讀。 A、 這句話讀起來別扭的第一個原因,是因為它根本就不是一個句子。句首省略了 this is 。這種用一個詞代替一個句子的方式如果在書面語中出現(xiàn),只能出現(xiàn)在高級英語中,因此我們以前的英語學(xué)習(xí)中從未遇到過。其形式類似于我們中文的“精彩”是“這句話真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、 desire 后跟著兩個大的修飾成分,一個是 to throw over reality a light,其中的 a light 是被倒裝到了 over reality 之后,正常應(yīng)是 throw a light over throw距離不遠,讀者看得還算懂。關(guān)鍵是第二個修飾成分。注意:從 that 開始直到句尾結(jié)束的長長的定語從句不是修飾其前的 light 的,而是修飾一開始的 desire 的。 C、 第二個修飾成分中又來了一個倒裝,由于作者為了強調(diào) never,所以將其提前,引發(fā)了定語從句中的倒裝:正常語序應(yīng)該是 that might never be given away,倒裝后系動詞 was 被提前, given 因為在情態(tài)動詞 might 之后所以變成了原型 give。 A give way to B,是 A 讓位于 B,而 A be given way to B, 則是 A 取代 B。 on the part of 之后的部 分修飾后面的 desire, what 引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場閱讀時可以看成一個名詞。 What 從句中的不定式 to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower 中又有一個避免頭重腳輕的倒裝,正常語序應(yīng)該是 to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。 ◎大寶考研版權(quán)所有,拒 D、 就算能夠看懂這句話的結(jié)構(gòu),可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是,哈代 (注:人名老的沖動是一種簡單的、說明現(xiàn)實的欲望,新沖動是一種即是小說家又像科學(xué)家的仔細研究一個東西的特點那樣的欲望(新沖動),前一種欲望是永遠也不能取代后者的。 意群訓(xùn)練:( This is ) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly ◎大 to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelistscientist to record exactly and ◎大寶考研 concretely the structure and texture of a flower . 3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of these ◎大 divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. ◎ ( 3)難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞 譯文:哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無能,無法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起于他PAGES |288 頁 不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機活力和風(fēng)險性強的創(chuàng)作沖動。 解釋:介詞 from 的賓語有兩個并列的部分 ,由 and所連接,在 and之后的第二個 from 前,省略了前面一樣的謂語動詞 derive。本句之所以難,有兩個原因,一是 derived from 后面的成分太長,初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來;二是作為一 ◎ 篇文科文章,用詞抽象,難以迅速理解。 意群訓(xùn)練: Hardy39。s weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of ◎ these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ◎ ones. 4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. ( 5)難句類型:復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞 譯文:弗吉尼亞 .伍爾夫( Virginia Woolf)在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》( Mrs. Dalloway)時有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述,迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評論家們所忽略,因為它突出反映了她諸多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面,而這一方面則與人們對“詩性”小說家( poetic novelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩性”小說家,所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢幻的諸般狀態(tài),并致力于追尋個體意識的通幽曲徑。 解釋:本句逗號以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長主語有些難,但總的來講比較好懂, since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句較難。 A、 since 之后的 it 指前面的 statement, highlight 的賓語 an aspect 之后有兩個修飾成分,一個是 of her literary interests, 另一個是以 that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句 that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist,都是修飾 an aspect 的。Novelist 后面又有由 and 連接的兩個介詞結(jié)構(gòu) concerned with doing 修飾 novelist. B、 句中有兩處省略,一是在 her literary interests that is very different from 當中,修飾 interests 的定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞+be that is 一起省略了。第二處在 and 之后,由于 concerned with 與前面的 concerned with 重復(fù),所以 concerned 被省略。 C、 本句另外一個難懂的地方,就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評論題材的文章的一個特點。 ◎大 Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly ◎大寶 been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different ◎大寶 from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie ◎大寶 and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. 5. As she put it in The Common Reader , ―It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or ◎大 one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote 。 and yet , as we read him , we ◎ are absorbing morality at every pore .” ( 5)抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻 就像她在《致普通讀者》一書中所表達的那樣,“盡管可以毫無疑問的說,沒有任何法律被指定出來,也沒有任何高樓大廈被建立起來是因為喬叟說了什么或者寫了什么;然而,當我們讀它的書的時候,我們身上每一個毛孔都充滿了道德”