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20xx考研英語(yǔ)新東方(翻譯筆記高級(jí)例題)(編輯修改稿)

2024-09-26 19:00 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 not to mention:更不用說(shuō) let alone:更不用說(shuō) no more? than?:和??一樣都不 no less than:簡(jiǎn)直是 nothing less than:完全是 cannot? too?:再??也不過(guò)分 rather than:而不是 owing to:由于 It is assumed that:人們認(rèn)為 It is said that:據(jù)說(shuō) It is learned that:據(jù)聞 It is supposed that:據(jù)推測(cè) It is considered that:據(jù)估計(jì) It is believed that:人們認(rèn)為 It is reported that:據(jù)報(bào)道 It is wellknown that:眾所周知 It is asserted that:有人斷言 It is clear/obvious/evident that:很顯然 It can’t be denied that:不可否認(rèn) It must be admitted that:必須承認(rèn) It must be pointed that:必須指出PAGES |287 頁(yè) 考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句( 1) ◎ 大寶 1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. (難度系數(shù) 5,下同) ◎大寶考研版權(quán)所有,拒絕轉(zhuǎn)載◎ Ub662NeiIs 譯文:那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個(gè)個(gè)體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量,并因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復(fù)制品的數(shù)量。 難句類(lèi)型:倒裝、省略 a 本句的正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)當(dāng)是: That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will ◎ have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be That sex ratio 之后的以 which 引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句,如果按照以上語(yǔ)序,則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的從句倒裝成謂語(yǔ) will be favored 之后。 b 在 which 引導(dǎo)的從句中,有兩處省略:第一處在 maximize 的第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ) the number of descendants that an individuall will have 中, an individuall will have 是修飾 descendants 的定語(yǔ)從句,但是,因?yàn)?descendants 在從句中作 have 的賓語(yǔ),所以引導(dǎo)詞 that 可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個(gè) the number of 之前,省略了與前面一樣的成分 that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence 在此表示后面的成分作為前面“最大化一個(gè)個(gè)體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。 意群訓(xùn)練: That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual ◎ will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. ◎大寶考研版權(quán)所有,拒絕轉(zhuǎn)載◎ 2. ( This is ) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the ◎大 desire on the part of what we might consider a novelistscientist to record exactly and concretely ◎大寶 the structure and texture of a flower . (5++)復(fù)雜 +倒裝 +省略 。 (這是一種)照亮現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望,此欲望從來(lái)就不會(huì)唐突的取代后面的那種欲望,后者是我們可以將其部分的理解為一個(gè)兼任小說(shuō)加和科學(xué)家的人想要去準(zhǔn)確并具體的記錄下一朵花的結(jié)構(gòu)和文理的那種意義上的欲望。 解釋?zhuān)罕揪渥拥碾y度在一切 GRE、 GMAT 包括 LSAT 考 試中所出現(xiàn)的難句中堪稱(chēng)登峰造極,可以確定地講,類(lèi)似此句子的難度的語(yǔ)言,在計(jì)算機(jī)考試的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)絕無(wú)可能出現(xiàn)。如果對(duì)此句話不感興趣,可以把其廢掉不讀。 A、 這句話讀起來(lái)別扭的第一個(gè)原因,是因?yàn)樗揪筒皇且粋€(gè)句子。句首省略了 this is 。這種用一個(gè)詞代替一個(gè)句子的方式如果在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn),只能出現(xiàn)在高級(jí)英語(yǔ)中,因此我們以前的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中從未遇到過(guò)。其形式類(lèi)似于我們中文的“精彩”是“這句話真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、 desire 后跟著兩個(gè)大的修飾成分,一個(gè)是 to throw over reality a light,其中的 a light 是被倒裝到了 over reality 之后,正常應(yīng)是 throw a light over throw距離不遠(yuǎn),讀者看得還算懂。關(guān)鍵是第二個(gè)修飾成分。注意:從 that 開(kāi)始直到句尾結(jié)束的長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)從句不是修飾其前的 light 的,而是修飾一開(kāi)始的 desire 的。 C、 第二個(gè)修飾成分中又來(lái)了一個(gè)倒裝,由于作者為了強(qiáng)調(diào) never,所以將其提前,引發(fā)了定語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝:正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是 that might never be given away,倒裝后系動(dòng)詞 was 被提前, given 因?yàn)樵谇閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞 might 之后所以變成了原型 give。 A give way to B,是 A 讓位于 B,而 A be given way to B, 則是 A 取代 B。 on the part of 之后的部 分修飾后面的 desire, what 引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)場(chǎng)閱讀時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)名詞。 What 從句中的不定式 to recored exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower 中又有一個(gè)避免頭重腳輕的倒裝,正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是 to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。 ◎大寶考研版權(quán)所有,拒 D、 就算能夠看懂這句話的結(jié)構(gòu),可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是,哈代 (注:人名老的沖動(dòng)是一種簡(jiǎn)單的、說(shuō)明現(xiàn)實(shí)的欲望,新沖動(dòng)是一種即是小說(shuō)家又像科學(xué)家的仔細(xì)研究一個(gè)東西的特點(diǎn)那樣的欲望(新沖動(dòng)),前一種欲望是永遠(yuǎn)也不能取代后者的。 意群訓(xùn)練:( This is ) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly ◎大 to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelistscientist to record exactly and ◎大寶考研 concretely the structure and texture of a flower . 3. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of these ◎大 divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. ◎ ( 3)難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞 譯文:哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無(wú)能,無(wú)法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來(lái);另一方面緣起于他PAGES |288 頁(yè) 不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。 解釋?zhuān)航樵~ from 的賓語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)并列的部分 ,由 and所連接,在 and之后的第二個(gè) from 前,省略了前面一樣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 derive。本句之所以難,有兩個(gè)原因,一是 derived from 后面的成分太長(zhǎng),初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來(lái);二是作為一 ◎ 篇文科文章,用詞抽象,難以迅速理解。 意群訓(xùn)練: Hardy39。s weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of ◎ these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ◎ ones. 4. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. ( 5)難句類(lèi)型:復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞 譯文:弗吉尼亞 .伍爾夫( Virginia Woolf)在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》( Mrs. Dalloway)時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述,迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評(píng)論家們所忽略,因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面,而這一方面則與人們對(duì)“詩(shī)性”小說(shuō)家( poetic novelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩(shī)性”小說(shuō)家,所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢(mèng)幻的諸般狀態(tài),并致力于追尋個(gè)體意識(shí)的通幽曲徑。 解釋?zhuān)罕揪涠禾?hào)以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)有些難,但總的來(lái)講比較好懂, since 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句較難。 A、 since 之后的 it 指前面的 statement, highlight 的賓語(yǔ) an aspect 之后有兩個(gè)修飾成分,一個(gè)是 of her literary interests, 另一個(gè)是以 that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist,都是修飾 an aspect 的。Novelist 后面又有由 and 連接的兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu) concerned with doing 修飾 novelist. B、 句中有兩處省略,一是在 her literary interests that is very different from 當(dāng)中,修飾 interests 的定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞+be that is 一起省略了。第二處在 and 之后,由于 concerned with 與前面的 concerned with 重復(fù),所以 concerned 被省略。 C、 本句另外一個(gè)難懂的地方,就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評(píng)論題材的文章的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。 ◎大 Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly ◎大寶 been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different ◎大寶 from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie ◎大寶 and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. 5. As she put it in The Common Reader , ―It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or ◎大 one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote 。 and yet , as we read him , we ◎ are absorbing morality at every pore .” ( 5)抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻 就像她在《致普通讀者》一書(shū)中所表達(dá)的那樣,“盡管可以毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的說(shuō),沒(méi)有任何法律被指定出來(lái),也沒(méi)有任何高樓大廈被建立起來(lái)是因?yàn)閱疼耪f(shuō)了什么或者寫(xiě)了什么;然而,當(dāng)我們讀它的書(shū)的時(shí)候,我們身上每一個(gè)毛孔都充滿了道德”
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