【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 轉(zhuǎn)換成另一種句子成分。１、主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換有靈動(dòng)詞：有生命的主語(yǔ)接無靈動(dòng)詞：無生命的主語(yǔ)接American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.托馬斯杰斐遜對(duì)美國(guó)的教育事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。Her presence of mind had not pletely deserted her。 but she could not have trusted herself to speak.她雖沒有完全失去鎮(zhèn)靜，可是卻又找不出話可說。Brussels fell to him on September 3 and Antwerp the next day.他于 9 月 3 日攻克了布魯塞爾，次日又拿下了安特衛(wèi)普。２、定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.自建國(guó)以來，每一代美國(guó)人都被要求宣誓效忠于祖國(guó)。定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換He will give an immediate reply.他會(huì)立即答復(fù)。三、表達(dá)方式轉(zhuǎn)換score, dozen, decade, quarterFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new She will be back in the last ten days of During the first part of his life, Watt studied weather and His father is in his She has been a widow only for six 。Our men’s wear 25% You are quite a stranger here.　這里的人不認(rèn)識(shí)你There used to be a river here two centuries back of this.　兩個(gè)世紀(jì)以前I’m low IQ, you know.　我很笨； low EQ(吃不開)；low AQ(沉不住氣)There is always a place for you at your table.請(qǐng)你隨時(shí)來吃便飯。四、正面表達(dá)與反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換——正反譯法有些從正面表達(dá)的東西在漢語(yǔ)中卻習(xí)慣從反面來表達(dá)，而有些從反面表達(dá)的東西在漢語(yǔ)中卻習(xí)慣從正面來表達(dá)。這就是我們通常所說的“正反譯法”。216。 英語(yǔ)正面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)反面表達(dá)frostfree refrigerator無霜冰箱dutyfree zone免稅區(qū)carefree無憂無慮的Wet paint!油漆未干！Stop talking nonsense!別胡扯了！He yelled “Freeze!”他大喝一聲：“不許動(dòng)！”Keep off the lawn!請(qǐng)勿踐踏草坪！I failed to understand your meaning.我弄不懂你的意思。The coffee is too sweet to bear.咖啡甜得讓人受不了。Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?你想知道她為什么不想見到你？Her husband hates to see her stony face.她丈夫不愿意見到她那張面無表情的臉。A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.行為不檢點(diǎn)的人，日后往往要后悔。The naughty boy is far from honest and his excuse is pretty thin.這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩很不老實(shí)，他的借口一點(diǎn)也站不住腳。You have roused my curiosity. And now you must gratify it.你現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)激起我的好奇心了，那現(xiàn)在你別在賣關(guān)子了。Appearances are often deceptive.外表往往是靠不住的。At the news of his father’s death, he remained quiet for several days.一聽到他父親的死訊，他好幾天一言不發(fā)。216。 英語(yǔ)反面表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語(yǔ)正面表達(dá)I adhered to all the courtesies I had been taught. This frustrated my son to no end.我遵從所有我學(xué)過的禮貌和規(guī)矩，這使我兒子大為失望?！ou can’t be too careful.你越仔細(xì)越好。We could not be more mistaken.我們大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)。The United Nations Organization has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.到目前為止，聯(lián)合國(guó)辜負(fù)了世界人民寄予的希望。For three weeks I held both jobs, working from eight in the morning until midnight. Never in my life have I been happier.三周來我身兼兩職，每天從早上八點(diǎn)一直工作到午夜。我的一生中以那段時(shí)光最為快樂。五、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換（轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)譯法）被動(dòng)到主動(dòng)1） 多種被動(dòng)詞“受……”、“遭……”、“由……”、“給……”、“為……所……”、“予以……”、“加以……”He was released immediately after Oct 7.一過十月七號(hào)，他獲釋了。He was described as impressed by Deng’s flexibility.據(jù)說他為鄧（小平）的靈活態(tài)度所感動(dòng)2） 省略被動(dòng)詞（同時(shí)可以作及物、不及物的詞）The risk of global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced.全球核沖突的危險(xiǎn)性已經(jīng)大大減小了。 （注意：在此been可以刪除，四大趨勢(shì)的詞都可同樣使用）Over 700 of the world’s finest footballers were gathered in Japan and South Korea for the 17th World Cup tournament.700多名世界頂尖足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員聚集在日本和韓國(guó)參加第17屆世界杯比賽。3） 主被交換a) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句，結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整為：狀語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（原主語(yǔ)），Movies were first made in Hollywood before WWI.一戰(zhàn)前好萊塢首次制作了電影。b) 主語(yǔ)（受動(dòng)者）+謂語(yǔ)+（by）施動(dòng)者 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)句, 處理為施動(dòng)者+謂語(yǔ)+受動(dòng)者的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)The mobile phone boom is driven by the young adults.年輕人推動(dòng)了移動(dòng)電話市場(chǎng)的繁榮。4） 形式主語(yǔ)法“據(jù)……” It is said that… 據(jù)說……It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道……It is calculated that… 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)…… 不定代詞“有人”、“大家”、“人們”It is believed that… 有人（我們、人們）相信（認(rèn)為）……It is generally considered that… 大家認(rèn)為……It is wellknown… 眾所周知……It is rarely known… 鮮為人知……主動(dòng)到被動(dòng)1) 馬路兩旁是整齊的梧桐樹。The avenue was lined with neatlyspaced plane trees.2) 我也佩服你的見解。I was also struck by your suggestions.3) 全國(guó)人民所渴望的政治協(xié)商會(huì)議現(xiàn)在開幕了。The Political Consultative Conference so eagerly awaited by the whole nation is herewith inaugurated.4) 全國(guó)同胞們，中華人民共和國(guó)現(xiàn)已宣告成立。Fellowcountrymen, the founding of the People’s Republic of China is proclaimed. (Adaptation)由于文化上的差異，英譯漢時(shí)有時(shí)直譯原文就會(huì)使譯入語(yǔ)讀者感到費(fèi)解，甚至誤解。這時(shí)，就有必要借用漢語(yǔ)中意義相同或相近、且具有自己鮮明文化色彩的表達(dá)法對(duì)原文加以歸化。常用于翻譯成語(yǔ)、典故、形象詞等文化色彩較濃的表達(dá)方式1) have a wolf by the ears 騎虎難下2) to be cut at elbows 捉襟見肘3) at sword’s points 強(qiáng)烈分歧4) Give a dog an ill name and hang him. 欲加之罪，何患無詞5) A little pot is soon hot 量小易怒6) I don’t understand how he can think she is goodlooking, but beauty is in the eye of the beholder.我不知道他怎么會(huì)認(rèn)為她好看呢，但是情人眼里出西施。7) He may always possess merits which make up for everything。 if he loses on the swings, he may win on the roundabouts.他也許總是保持著彌補(bǔ)一切的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，失之東隅的，他可以收之桑榆。8) It was a case of diamond cut diamond. They thought they were going to beat Barcelona. In fact they lost the game 0:3.強(qiáng)中自有強(qiáng)中手，他們以為可以痛宰巴塞羅那，事實(shí)上他們0：3慘敗。9) All you can do is to burn your boats and fight them in the hope that one day they’ll e out on top.你只有破釜沉舟跟他們拚，或許有朝一日會(huì)出頭的。10) The students must be enjoying the speech, because they’re laughing their heads off.學(xué)生們笑得前仰后合，他們一定是很欣賞這個(gè)演講。 (Division)所謂切分就是指根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的句法特點(diǎn)，把英語(yǔ)的句子分解成兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單位，以求譯文在正確傳達(dá)原文的思想內(nèi)容的前提上明白曉暢。216。 單詞分譯單詞分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)單詞分譯成一個(gè)句子。目的：句法上的需要 修辭上的需要 1) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middleground reply.現(xiàn)在，人們都傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來回答問題，因?yàn)樗踩?，不招風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2) The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.每個(gè)帳篷內(nèi)怎么布置，這就要看各個(gè)使用者的性格了。3) Aunt Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.朱莉亞姨媽接連向坐在旁邊的人打聽加布里埃爾剛才說了些什么，卻沒有問出個(gè)所以然來。4) The American mander, Admiral Nimitz, was understandably reluctant to join the battle.美軍司令上將尼米茲怠于出戰(zhàn)，這是可以理解的。216。 短語(yǔ)分譯短語(yǔ)分譯是指把原文中的一個(gè)短語(yǔ)分譯成一個(gè)句子。1) The intent to make an immediate gift must be clear and unmistakable, and the transfer must take immediate and permanent effect.直接贈(zèng)與的意向必須明白無誤，轉(zhuǎn)讓行為必須立即產(chǎn)生效力，且該效力應(yīng)具有永久性。2) Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 hundred years old.這座橋是1192年修建的，至今已經(jīng)有700多年的歷史了。3)