【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 hlete’s injury. At the same time, the American Law Institute— a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose remendations carry substantial weight— issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,” says a law professor at Cornell law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal munity has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability. (379 words) 51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. [B] Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system. [C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. [D] Juries tended to find fault with the pensations panies promised. 52. Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________. [A] satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products [B] bee honest in describing the inadequacies of their products [C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability [D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern 53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that ________. [A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law [B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries [C] product labels would eventually be discarded [D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes 54. The author’s attitude towards the issue seems to be ________. [A] biased [B] indifferent [C] puzzling [D] objective 一、文章結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容分析 文章敘述了人身傷害索賠的來由、發(fā)展和變化， 及索賠案所涉及的消費者、公司和法庭三方面的反應(yīng)，著重指出法庭態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變，說明法律不像過去那樣無原則地保護(hù)受害者。 第一段 由兩個例子引出， 文章主要是圍繞人身傷害索賠的法律問題展開，指出法律保護(hù)受傷害的顧客。 第二段 指出公司為了避免法律責(zé)任，撰寫很長的標(biāo)簽，試圖預(yù)料一切可能發(fā)生的事故。 第三段 指出即使公司貼警示標(biāo)簽也不能 保護(hù) 他們免受制裁 ——常常敗訴。 第四段 指出現(xiàn)在情況發(fā)生了變化，一些法庭開始站到公 司一邊，同時警示語 有望 開始真正起到保護(hù)消費者利益的作用。本段使用了例證和引證說明。 二、試題具體分析 51. What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened? 20 世紀(jì) 80年代 ， 當(dāng)發(fā)生事故時，情況會如何？ [A] Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits. [A]顧客通過訴訟可能會解除 災(zāi)難。 [B] Injured customers expect protection from the legal system. [B]受傷的顧客 要求 得到法律的保護(hù)。 [C] Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings. [C]公司將通過提供新的警示語避免被起訴。 [D] Juries tended to find fault with the pensations panies promised. [D]陪審團(tuán)傾向于對公司所承諾的賠償嚴(yán)加挑剔。 [答案 ] B 事實細(xì)節(jié)題 答對 率為 34% [解析 ] 根據(jù) 1980s 定位在第一段末句 Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ misfortunes。 when引導(dǎo)的 是 非限制性從句 ，指出 “當(dāng)時陪審團(tuán)開始認(rèn)為更多的公司應(yīng)對其客戶所遭受的不幸負(fù)責(zé)” ；此外， the thinking指代的上句的內(nèi)容 Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of ing disaster, a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles， 意為“幸運的是， ?? ，如果 ?? ，你可以就自己所受的傷害訴諸法律，成功地獲得賠償?！彼?B選項與文意吻合，為正確答案。 C、 D 兩項容易排除， C 選項 是第二段要講的內(nèi)容，是針對 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代發(fā)生事故時的情況，公司做出的應(yīng)對， 與題意不符 。 D 選項 是對 when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ misfortunes的 嚴(yán)重曲解。 A選項 為最大的干擾選項，是對 a successful lawsuit might pensate you for your troubles 的曲解 ，并且根據(jù)常識可知，災(zāi)難已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，顧客通過訴訟只能是得到保護(hù)和賠償，不可能 解除 災(zāi)難 。 [補(bǔ)充 ] relieve sb. of sth. 意為“免除或解除某人某事，使某人擺脫某事”。 52. Manufactures as mentioned in the passage tend to . 52. 文中提及生產(chǎn)廠商往往 。 [A] satisfy customers by writing long warning on products [A]通過在產(chǎn)品上寫長 的警示語使顧客滿意 [B]bee honest in describing the inadequacies of their products [B]誠實描述自己產(chǎn)品 的 不足 [C] make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability [C]充分利用標(biāo)簽避免法律責(zé)任 [D] feel obliged to view customers’ safety as their first concern [D]不得不視顧客的安全為自己的第一考慮 [答案 ] C 段落主旨題 答對率為 68% [解析 ] 第二段首句 Feeling threatened, panies responded by writing everlonger warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident 承接上文的“公司要為顧客的不幸負(fù)責(zé)”，為本段中心句， 意為“各公司由于感到了威脅 做出 反應(yīng)：撰寫比以前更長的警示標(biāo)簽，企圖預(yù)料各種可能發(fā)生的事故”， 所以 生產(chǎn)商利用警示語或標(biāo)簽的真正意圖是“避免可能要承擔(dān)的法律責(zé)任” ， C 選項符合此意，為正確答案。 其他三個選項的內(nèi)容不是廠家寫警告標(biāo)簽的真正目的，與文 意不符，容易排除 。 53. The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that . 。 [A] some injury claims were no longer supported by law [A]某些傷害索賠不再 得到 法律的 支持 [B] helmets were not designed to prevent injuries [B]頭盔不是被設(shè)計用來防止傷害的 [C] product labels would eventually be discarded [C]產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽最終將被淘汰 [D] some sports games might lose popularity with athletes [D]運 動員可能不再熱衷于某些體育 項目 [答案 ] A文章主旨題 答對率為 69% [解析 ] 根據(jù) 題目中的 Schutt定位在第四段，段落首句 Now the tides appears to be 出了 本段中心，也即文章中心。 “ 這種潮流似乎正發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變。 盡管個人傷害索賠案件如以往一樣不斷發(fā)生，但有些法庭已開始站到 被告一方，特別是在處理那些有警告標(biāo)簽也可能無法避免傷害的案件時 ?！币?Schut helmet 的 例子 就 是為了說明這個中心論點。 A選項是對本段主題的概括，為正確答案。 B 選項只是例子的 中的細(xì)節(jié)，不 是案例要說明的問題。 C 項也不是主題概括，且不符合常識，是對文中 At the same time, the American Law Institute issued new guidelines for tort law stating that panies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible 。 D 選項 在描述細(xì)節(jié)，且 文中未提及。 從選 項看， A 項含有正確解的特征： 最能反映文章中心思想的是解； 含有 some， 不肯定的是解 ； 概括的可以統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全部文意的是解 。 54. The author’s attitude towards the issue seems to be . 。 [A] biased [A]有偏見的 [B] indifferent [B]冷漠的 [C] puzzling [C]迷惑不解的 [D] objective [D]客觀的 [答案 ] D 作者 態(tài)度題 答對率為 72% [分析 ] 通讀全文， 作者客觀 敘述了人身傷害索賠 這一社會現(xiàn)象 的來由、發(fā)展和變化，及索賠案所涉及的消費者、公司和法庭三方面的反應(yīng)， 沒有摻雜 個人感情。作者的態(tài)度是客觀的， D 選項為正確答案。 對于態(tài)度題，考生要聯(lián)系全文，把握整篇文章。嚴(yán)格遵守文章內(nèi)容，不把考生自己的態(tài)度揉進(jìn)其中，還要注意區(qū)分作者的態(tài)度與被作者引用的他人的觀點的態(tài)度。 一般情況下，作者的態(tài)度和觀點都應(yīng)具有客觀性，不帶有主觀感情，所以若選擇具有主管感情色彩的詞匯要慎重；另外，作者一旦將某種觀點表達(dá)成立，說明他對該事件是成分關(guān)注的，因此，諸如 difference 這類詞匯不入選。 三、文章難句精析 1. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. [分析 ] 并列句。 這兩個句子都是 “ 祈使句 +and”句型， 祈使句 表示條件， and 引出結(jié)果，意思是“ 則 ，那么，就”。 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為 if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 [譯文 ] 邁出門去，有可能在門墊上滑倒，摔斷一條腿。生個爐子，有可能把房子燒 掉。 2. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more panies liable for their customers’ mi