外文翻譯--公司的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力-其他專業(yè)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-24 09:56 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 markets? In more established markets, the Japanese challenge has been just as disquieting. 5 Japanese panies are generating a blizzard of features and functional enhancements that bring technological sophistication to everyday products. Japanese car producers have been pioneering four wheel steering, four valveper cylinder engines, in car navigation systems, and sophisticated electronic engine management systems. On the strength of its product features, Canon is now a player in facsimile transmission machines, desktop laser printers, even semiconductor manufacturing equipment. In the short run, a pany39。s petitiveness derives from the price/performance attributes of current products. But the survivors of the first wave of global petition, Western and Japanese alike, are all converging on similar and formidable standards for product cost and quality minimum hurdles for continued petition, but less and less important as sources of differential advantage. In the long run, petitiveness derives from an ability to build, at lower cost and more speedily than petitors, the core petencies that spawn unanticipated products. The real sources of advantage are to be found in management39。s ability to consolidate corporatewide technologies and production skills into petencies that empower individual businesses to adapt quickly to changing opportunities. Senior executives who claim that they cannot build core petencies either because they feel the autonomy of business units is sacrosanct or because their feet are held to the quarterly budget fire should think again. The problem in many Western panies is not that their senior executives are any less capable than those in Japan nor that Japanese panies possess greater technical capabilities. Instead, it is their adherence to a concept of the corporation that unnecessarily limits the ability of individual businesses to fully exploit the deep reservoir of technological capability that many American and European panies possess. The diversified corporation is a large tree. The trunk and major limbs are core products, the smaller branches are business units。 the leaves, flowers, and fruit are end products. The root system that provides nourishment, sustenance, and stability is the core petence. You can miss the strength of petitors by looking only at their end products, in the same way you miss the strength of a tree if you look only at its leaves. (See the chart Competencies: The Roots of Competitiveness.”) 6 Core petencies are the collective learning in the anization, especially how to coordinate diverse production skills and integrate multiple streams of technologies. Consider Sony39。s capacity to miniaturize or Philips39。s optical media expertise. The theoretical knowledge to put a radio on a chip does not in itself assure a pany the skill to produce a miniature radio no bigger than a business card. To bring off this feat, Casio must harmonize know how in miniaturization, microprocessor design, material science, and ultrathin precision casing the same skills it applies in its miniature card calculators, pocket TVs, and digital watches. If core petence is about harmonizing streams of technology, it is also about the anization of work and the delivery of value. Among Sony39。s petencies is miniaturization. To bring miniaturization to its products, Sony must ensure that technologists, engineers, and marketers have a shared understanding of customer needs and of technological possibilities. The force of core petence is felt as decisively in services as in manufacturing. Citicorp was ahead of others investing in an operating system that allowed it to participate in world markets 24 hours a day. Its petence in provided the pany the means to differentiate itself from many financial service institutions. Core petence is munication, involvement, and a deep mitment to working across anizational boundaries. It involves many levels of people and all functions. World class research in, for example, lasers or ceramics can take place in corporate laboratories without having an impact on any of the businesses of the pany.
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