外文翻譯---基于波特模型的波多黎各的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析-外文文獻(xiàn)(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-24 09:29 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 In this study the raw material are the Puerto Rico’s exports (both merchandise and services). This data was provided by the Puerto Rico Planning Board. The world data used to pare the country was obtained from the United Nations (UN) Organization 11 and from the World Trade Organization (WTO).12 The data for total world exports was obtained from the WTO and the data about industry exports was obtained from the UN. It was necessary for this study to make a congruence between two export classification systems. These systems 5 are: the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC, used in Puerto Rico until the year 2021) and the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC, used by the UN). The congruence was made with the assistance of the puter program International Trade Codes Database of the World Market Watch, Inc. (2021). To begin the process, the Puerto Rico’s cutoff was determined for each studied year. This cutoff is the Puerto Rico’s rate of participation in the world’s total exports. For this study the cutoff is denominated PRRP (Puerto Rico’s rate of participation in total world exports for a given year). To find the PRRP the formula is: In the previous formula, the value of Puerto Rico’s exports for industry X for the year X is the value registered for each industry classified by SIC at four levels for each of the studied years. Between 450 and 500 industries resulted for each year. The denominator of this formula is the total value of the exports per industry, but at the world level for the X year. This second piece of data was taken from the information provided by the United Nations Organization at the International Trade Statistics Yearbook after the congruence was made. For the world services exports, the WTO data was used. The list of Puerto Rican exporter industries, both of merchandise and services, has been the raw material for the construction of the cluster charts for Puerto Rico. The cluster charts included the industries that had a PRIR equal or higher than the PRRP. This analysis was made year by year. The industries that did not fulfill this criterion were not included. The cluster chart for each year has sixteen columns and four rows. The sixteen columns classify the industries according to wide industrial sectors such as: 1. Materials / metals 2. Forest products 3. Petroleum / chemicals 4. Semiconductors / puters 5. Multiple business 6. Transportation 7. Power generation amp。 distribution 8. Office 9. Telemunications 10. Defense 6 11. Food / beverage 12. Textiles / apparel 13. Housing / household 14. Health care 15. Personal 16. Entertainment / leisure The four rows classify the industries according to the final use of its products or services. This classification includes: primary goods。 machinery and production。 specialty inputs。 associated services. After the cluster charts were prepared13, the four determinants of the Porter’s Diamond were examined for the industries that remain petitive among the five years studied. Ten industries were petitive. For this part of the analysis, firms classified below the SIC (at four levels) of the ten petitive industries were identified using the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company database (PRIDCO).14 The chief executive officers of those panies were interviewed. This paper concentrates on the ten industries. PUERTO RICO’S COMPETITIVENESS ACCORDING TO PORTER’S MODEL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Puerto Rico has the opportunity to be more petitive in areas related to the health could be more petitive not only in the pharmaceutical area, but in the cardiovascular and ophthalmologic areas. The continuing strength of these industrial areas, promoting the exports of services associated to those, could benefit other industries such as tourism. This last one could be diversified attracting tourists for reasons different than rest and vacations, but for health care. Puerto Rico demonstrated petitiveness in the food sector. This one has more presence of local firms in parison with the health sector. The technical and specialist expertise of engineers that have the knowhow to work with the chemical formulati
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