【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 nes ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.答案與解析　were used　句意：車廂由蒸汽機(jī)拉動，對于乘客而言在濃煙和噪音下乘車肯定是相當(dāng)不舒服的。主語Steam engines和use是被動關(guān)系，且由句中的must have been可知，此處敘述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，故設(shè)空處用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。又因主語是名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，填were used。5．(2017全國卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.答案與解析　are removed　句意：當(dāng)脂肪和鹽分從食物中去除后，食物嘗起來好像缺了點(diǎn)什么。主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故狀語從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語fat and salt與remove之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。fat和salt是兩個(gè)并列的主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填are removed。be_removed_from_...“從……中去除；被開除……；被撤職”?！?能力】一、單項(xiàng)選擇1. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. are persuaded B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. persuaded【答案】A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：如果人們被勸服吃更多的水果蔬菜，死于心臟病的數(shù)量將大大降低。分析句子可知，本句主句是一般將來時(shí)，if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句中的主語people是被說服去吃更多的水果蔬菜，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。故選A。2. —Why do you look so worried?—An earthquake broke out in Jiujiang. The whole research ______ unpleted since.A. has been left B. left C. was left D. has left【答案】A【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：——你為什么看起來這么擔(dān)心？——九江發(fā)生了地震。整個(gè)研究一直沒有完成。根據(jù)后文since可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語與謂語動詞構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，主語為research，助動詞用has。故選A。3. What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film ______ quite early, so we ______ to the bookstore after that.A. finished。 are going B. finished。 goC. finishes。 go D. finishes。are going【答案】D【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——今天下午你將做什么？——我將與朋友去看電影。因?yàn)殡娪敖Y(jié)束得很早，所以看了電影后我們將去書店。根據(jù)對話語境可知，電影院的電影場次的開始與結(jié)束時(shí)間是固定的，與列車時(shí)刻表一樣用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以第一空格用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；第二空格用一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)be going to do 表示將來的計(jì)劃打算。故選D。4. A new stadium ______ at present in our city. Work on it ______ in another two months.A. is built。 will plete B. is being built。 will pleteC. is being built。 will be pleted D. is building。 will be pleted【答案】C【解析】考察動詞時(shí)態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。句意：我們城里一座新的體育場現(xiàn)在正在建設(shè)中。它的建設(shè)工作將在兩個(gè)月內(nèi)完成。根據(jù)前一句的時(shí)間狀語at present與主語a new stadium可知，第一空格填現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語stadium與謂語動詞build是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)，主語是a new stadium為單數(shù)名詞，所以用is ,所以第一空答案為is being built；根據(jù)第二句的時(shí)間狀語in another two months可知，用一般將來時(shí)，主語it與謂語動詞plete是被動關(guān)系，故用一般將來時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，所以第二空答案為will be pleted。故選C。5. The window is dirty. I know. It ______ for weeks.A. hasn39。t cleaned B. didn39。t cleanC. hasn39。t been cleaned D. wasn39。t cleaned【答案】C【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：——窗戶很臟?！抑?。好幾個(gè)星期沒打掃了。分析句子可知空處為句子的謂語，由時(shí)間狀語for weeks 可知時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語it與動作clean之間為被動關(guān)系，所以謂語應(yīng)采用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)have/has been done，主語it為單數(shù)，助動詞用has，故選C項(xiàng)。6. — You looked anxious just now.— I John at ten, but he didn’t turn up.A. expected B. was expecting C. would expect D. had expected【答案】B【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——你剛才看起來很焦慮?！沂c(diǎn)鐘在等約翰，但他沒來。根據(jù)句中“at ten”和“didn’t”可知，逗號前句子陳述的是過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，句式為“主語+was/were+動詞ing+其他”，主語I與was連用，expect意為“期待，等待”，動詞詞性，動詞ing形式為expecting。故選B項(xiàng)。7. Not until midnight when____________ all done____________ to bed exhausted.A. was the work。 did she go B. the work was。 did she goC. was the work。 that she went D. the work was。 that she went【答案】B【解析】考查倒裝和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：直到午夜，一切工作都做完了，她才筋疲力盡地上床睡覺。Not until位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Not until+從句/表時(shí)間的詞+助動詞+(主句)主語+謂語+…。句中midnight 為表時(shí)間的詞，后接由關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，從句部分不倒裝。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語midnight可知，用一般過去時(shí)，所以主句部分用助動詞did構(gòu)成部分倒裝。故選B。8. If only I _____________ her _____________ that I book an air ticket in advance. I _____________ a slight change in schedule could have such a strong influence on my travel plan.A. followed。 plan。 don’t expect B. have followed。 instruction。 didn’t expectC. followed。 example。 hadn’t expected D. had followed。 advice。 didn’t expect【答案】D【解析】考查虛擬語氣和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我要是聽從她的建議提前訂機(jī)票就好了。我沒想到日程上的一點(diǎn)變化會對我的旅行計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生如此大的影響。if only（但愿/如果……就好）句子中用虛擬語氣，由句意可知，是對過去的虛擬，時(shí)態(tài)用過去完成時(shí)（had done），此處表建議，第二空用advice，第三空“沒想到”是過去的一種事實(shí)，用一般過去時(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。9. He suggested to Jane that she _____ the problem another way, and her expression suggested that she _____.A. solve。 agreed B. solve。 agreeC. solved。 should agree D. solved。 agreed【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣/賓語從句/時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他建議Jane用另一種方式解決這個(gè)問題，她的表情表明她同意了。suggest意為“建議”時(shí)，其后that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的謂語應(yīng)用should+動詞原形，should可以省略，所以排除C，D選項(xiàng)；suggest意為“表明”時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣，時(shí)態(tài)與主句一致，由主句謂語suggested可知，時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。10. If the dictionary ______ you，put it where it ______. A. doesn’t belong to。 belongs to B. isn’t belong to。 is belongedC. doesn’t belong to。 belongs D. isn’t belong to。 is belonged to【答案】C【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：如果這本詞典不屬于你，就把它放在該放的地方。由選項(xiàng)可知，本句時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，實(shí)義動詞（詞組）的否定形式的助動詞用doesn’t，belong to sb.（屬于某人）沒有被動形式，主動表被動，第二空where 引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句缺乏謂語，belong是不及物動詞，構(gòu)成句型“主語+不及物動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，從句主語 it是單數(shù)，謂語加s。故選C項(xiàng)。11. To perform well at the art festival, students in my class ________ the dance every day over the past three weeks.A. were practising B. would practise C. have been practising D. had practised【答案】C【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)辨析。句意：為了在藝術(shù)節(jié)上表現(xiàn)好，我們班的學(xué)生在過去的三個(gè)星期里每天都在練習(xí)舞蹈。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知缺少謂語，由時(shí)間狀語“over the past three weeks(在過去的三個(gè)星期里)”可知時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為have been doing sth，表示過去發(fā)生的動作，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還要延續(xù)下去，故選C項(xiàng)。12. —Anything wrong, sir ? —Yes, madam. You________ through the stop sign. Please show your driving license.A. are running B. ran C. have run D. had run【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：——有什么問題嗎，先生？——是的，夫人。你穿過了停車標(biāo)志。請出示你的駕駛執(zhí)照。跟據(jù)下文“Please show your driving license”可知，這位女士先穿過了停車標(biāo)志，然后才讓出示駕照，所以“穿過停車標(biāo)志”是過去發(fā)生的事實(shí)，要用一般過去時(shí)。故選B。13. The ceremony has to be postponed because, according to the weather forecast, it ________ at the schedule time.A. will be raining B. was rainingC. would be raining D. has been raining【答案】A【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：根據(jù)天氣預(yù)報(bào)，按照預(yù)定時(shí)間將會下雨，所以儀式不得不推遲。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語at the schedule time和句意可知，這里表示在預(yù)定時(shí)間內(nèi)將正在做某事，所以用將來進(jìn)行時(shí)。故選A。14. —He’s been to China. —___________ IA. So am B. Nor have C. So have D. Neither do【答案】C【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：——他去過中國?！乙踩ミ^。當(dāng)主句表示肯定時(shí)，表示“另一主語也是”的倒裝句式為“So+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be+主語”。主句中He39。s been…為He has been…的縮寫，為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，答句主語為I，對應(yīng)的助動詞是have。故選C項(xiàng)。15. Tom as well as two of his classmates ___________ to the party.A. was invited B. were in C. has invited D. invited【答案】A【解析】考查主謂一致和被動語態(tài)。句意：湯姆以及他兩個(gè)同學(xué)被邀請到這個(gè)聚會。as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞遵循就遠(yuǎn)原則，因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該與Tom相一致，主語Tom與謂語動詞invite是被動關(guān)系，需要用被動語態(tài)。故選A。16. Great changes have____________ in our hometown in the past ten years.A.