【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 writer, a good driver should __________. children to cross the road whenever they want to back when forced to face rude driving able to recognize politeness when he sees it in a traffic stream quickly however other people feel（4）t is not always right for drivers to __________. the roadmanship politeness when they see it a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want to【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了的道路行車禮儀的話題，道路行車的禮儀正變得越來(lái)越糟糕了，道路行車禮儀不僅僅是有禮貌的還是有意義的，接下來(lái)介紹了一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)淖龇ǎ詈筇岢鑫拿餍熊噭?shì)在必行。 （1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Road politeness is not only good manners, but a good sense. ”；以及第三段中的“However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous”可知，文章從正反兩面講述了司機(jī)在道路上行駛的時(shí)候所應(yīng)該注意的禮貌問(wèn)題，而且作者在最后一段介紹了一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的司機(jī)對(duì)此的看法，由此判斷這篇文章最合適的標(biāo)題是道路禮儀。故選C。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“...but manners on the road are being horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would bee fierce tigers behind the wheel”；以及第二段中的“...， but good sense too. It takes the most coolheaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving.”可知，但是在路上的舉止卻越來(lái)越糟糕。每個(gè)人都知道，最善良的人在駕駛時(shí)也會(huì)變成兇猛的老虎。即使是頭腦最冷靜的司機(jī)，在被迫面對(duì)粗魯?shù)鸟{駛行為時(shí)，也需要極大的耐心來(lái)放棄反擊的欲望。所以馬路上的麻煩很多都是由人的行為引起的，故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Many drivers nowadays don39。t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.“可知，現(xiàn)在的很多司機(jī)看起來(lái)不知道什么才是道路禮節(jié)。所以判斷出根據(jù)作者的說(shuō)法，一個(gè)好的司機(jī)應(yīng)該知道什么是道路禮節(jié)，故選C。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“misplaced politeness can also be dangerous”；以及“The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to．”可知，不恰當(dāng)?shù)亩Y貌可能是危險(xiǎn)的，同樣的道理適用于鼓勵(lì)老婦人隨時(shí)隨地過(guò)馬路。所以司機(jī)鼓勵(lì)老婦人隨時(shí)隨地過(guò)馬路并不總是正確的。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A name is more than just a word. It carries the weight of a person39。s whole identity. A name can represent a person39。s ethnicity (種族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots. A selfgiven name may represent a person39。s beliefs or chosen identity. Everyone has the right to have their name pronounced correctly. It is a sign of respect for a person39。s individuality. A person39。s name is to him or her the sweetest and most important sound in any language, Dale Carnegie writes in his book How to Win Friends and Influence People. Behind each name is a story, and when a name is anglicized (英語(yǔ)化), mispronounced, or ignored, that story is dismissed. A name mispronounced for a long time can negatively impact a person39。s attitude toward their own identity. It can create feelings of shame or embarrassment because they are made to feel like a burden. In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots. They may begin shying away from their native language, culture, and family for the sake of fitting in. In order to avoid this, many international students living in the . choose English names. People shouldn39。t have to ignore their identities for the sake of someone else39。s convenience. Everyone makes mistakes, and not everyone can get a name right on the first try. Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be fortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse. If you39。re unsure whether you39。re pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally. When meeting someone for the first time, make sure that you heard the name correctly. It doesn39。t take a lot to simply repeat the name back. Spell it out. Write it down. Do whatever you have to do to get the name right. Making the effort to correctly pronounce someone39。s name is an essential part of cultural petency (文化素養(yǎng)). Without this, we cannot expect to show respect and tolerance for our diverse munity.（1）What may a person39。s name tell us? A.His cultural background.B.His physical appearance.C.His favorite sound.D.His attitude to life.（2）What39。s the longterm influence of mispronouncing ones name? A.The feeling of shame may be caused.B.The person may feel overburdened.C.The character of the person may change.D.The person may try to hide his roots.（3）What does the writer think of mispronouncing a name repeatedly? A.It is unavoidable.B.It is unacceptable.C.It strengthens friendship.D.It shows discrimination.（4）What39。s the last paragraph mainly about? A.How to show our respect for others.B.How to avoid mispronouncing names.C.How to improve our pronunciation.D.How to live harmoniously in a munity.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了人的名字所代表的含義。一個(gè)名字不僅僅是一個(gè)單詞。它承載著一個(gè)人整個(gè)身份的重量。名字可以代表一個(gè)人的種族和文化，也可以表示對(duì)祖先的尊重。一個(gè)自取的名字可能代表一個(gè)人的信仰或選擇的身份。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“A name can represent a person39。s ethnicity (種族身份) and culture, or show respect for their ancestral roots.”名字可以代表一個(gè)人的種族和文化，也可以表示對(duì)祖先的尊重?？芍粋€(gè)人的名字可以告訴他的文化背景。故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“In the long term, this might cause someone to distance themselves from their roots.”從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些人遠(yuǎn)離自己的根?？芍?，讀錯(cuò)名字的長(zhǎng)期影響是這個(gè)人可能會(huì)試圖隱藏他的根源。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Mispronouncing a name repeatedly, however, shows a lack of effort. It is not okay to be fortable with mispronouncing names, and being unfamiliar with a language is no excuse.”然而，反復(fù)念錯(cuò)一個(gè)名字，表明你缺乏努力。對(duì)名字念錯(cuò)感到不舒服是不好的，不熟悉一門語(yǔ)言也不是借口。可知，作者對(duì)一個(gè)名字反復(fù)發(fā)錯(cuò)音這是不可接受的。故選B。 （4）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“If you39。re unsure whether you39。re pronouncing a name correctly, just ask. Think of it as a way to expand and strengthen understanding, both personally and culturally.“如果你不確定你的名字發(fā)音是否正確，直接問(wèn)。把它看作是擴(kuò)展和加強(qiáng)理解的一種方式，無(wú)論是個(gè)人的還是文化的。”可知，最后一段講述的是“如何避免名字發(fā)音錯(cuò)誤?！惫蔬xB。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化