【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 y to live their digital livesB.suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and dataC.the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed marketsD.financial firms want to abandon oldfashioned customers（4）The author39。s attitude towards digitalized payment is . A.favorableB.negativeC.objectiveD.indifferent【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，富裕國家正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,現(xiàn)金正在因為需求等原因消失?？偟膩碚f,無現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟(jì)的未來是個好消息,但是對于電子支付人們也有一些擔(dān)憂。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕國家正競相將支付非物質(zhì)化；再根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％。結(jié)合上下文,可知某些富裕國家比如瑞典正在減少現(xiàn)金支付,推廣不用紙幣或硬幣的支付方式,也就是電子支付方式。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在過去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售現(xiàn)金交易數(shù)量下降了80％；再根據(jù)“In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in 2012 to 34% in 2017.”可知在中國,數(shù)字支付從2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。瑞典和中國的共同點是現(xiàn)金支付減少,電子支付比例上升,由此可推斷作者提到瑞典和中國是為了說明數(shù)字支付正成為一種不可阻擋的趨勢。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的 “But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)... Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage oldfashioned customers with heavy fees.”可知現(xiàn)金消失的一個重要原因就是諸如銀行和科技公司（在發(fā)達(dá)市場）和電信公司（在新興市場）之類的供應(yīng)商正在開發(fā)快速,易于使用的支付技術(shù),他們可以從中提取數(shù)據(jù)和小費(fèi)。運(yùn)行現(xiàn)金經(jīng)濟(jì)背后的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)需要付出高昂的成本,這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施包括自動取款機(jī),載有紙幣的貨車,接受硬幣的出納員。大多數(shù)金融公司都渴望放棄它,或者以高昂的費(fèi)用勸阻老式客戶。也就是供應(yīng)商為了減少成本,獲取數(shù)據(jù)和小費(fèi),開發(fā)了更便捷的支付方式,導(dǎo)致現(xiàn)金支付的減少。故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，,作者提到無現(xiàn)金支付即電子支付的好處,也提到電子支付引起的擔(dān)憂,對待電子支付是客觀的,故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 It39。s 3 o39。clock and you39。ve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesn39。t. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works pare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷爾蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more plex. It activates (使活躍) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drugcraving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings of pleasure. In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food that you want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating no food at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings. So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your stomach. （1）What is the function of the first paragraph? A.To remind readers of their own special food.B.To deepen the understanding of hunger.C.To report the discovery of craving study.D.To lead to the topic of the whole passage.（2）What do we learn about food craving? A.It shows food is linked to feelings.B.It ensures a person survives hunger.C.It means the stomach functions well.D.It proves the brain decides your appetite.（3）What39。s the likely result of dieting? A.The decrease of chemicals.B.The increase of food desire.C.The refusal of fat and sugar.D.The disappearance of appetite.（4）What does the passage mainly discuss? A.The functions of brain areas.B.What hunger is all about.C.The findings of food craving.D.What dieting may bring us.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是說明文，主要談?wù)擄嬍硾_動的調(diào)查結(jié)果。食物與情感有關(guān)系，節(jié)食的結(jié)果會導(dǎo)致食物欲望的增加。(1)目的意圖題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are ，第一段是為了引導(dǎo)整篇文章的話題。故答案選D。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are ，食物與情感有關(guān)系。故答案選A。(3)推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that“dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food ，節(jié)食的結(jié)果會導(dǎo)致食物欲望的增加。故答案選B。(4)主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段So, the next time you crave something very specific, know that your brain may be more to blame than your 。故答案選C?！军c評】說明文主題和文章大意的技巧：應(yīng)對文章主題和中心大意考題時，尋找和發(fā)現(xiàn)文章主題句就是關(guān)鍵。這個主題句一般具有如下特點：①表達(dá)的意思比較概括。②句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，大多數(shù)時候，不采用長句、難句的形式。③段落的其他句子必定是用來解釋或發(fā)揮主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想的。④主題句的位置除個別情況下是在文中的句子，大多數(shù)情況下，主題句往往是在段首和段尾。所以，在閱讀文章時，要特別注意文章的首段、首句和末句。6．閱讀理解 If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple —eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers