【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 開(kāi)始寫這個(gè)國(guó)家的法律?？芍蓭焸儚募埳莸谝淮伪皇褂玫哪且惶炱?，就開(kāi)始寫這個(gè)國(guó)家的法律。故選B。 （4）詞義猜測(cè)題。由第五段We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as ，可知鋼筆很有用。A： cheap便宜的； B： boring 無(wú)聊的；C： special特殊的； D： useful有用的。故選D。 （5）標(biāo)題判斷題。由本文大意：通過(guò)文章整體論述筆的重要性和作用來(lái)看，說(shuō)明筆是一種非常強(qiáng)大的工具。只有選項(xiàng)A最符合文章的大意，強(qiáng)調(diào)書(shū)寫工具的作用，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，首先通讀全文，了解全文大意，其次分析問(wèn)題，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，在文中尋找相關(guān)信息，確定答案，最后再檢查一遍，確保答案正確。5．閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why? Sometimes we feel we are acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. It39。s the social proof （社會(huì)認(rèn)同感） that works. The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are three lines （A, B, C）. A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other men enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects （實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象）. Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打獵） with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others39。 action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now. Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be capful whenever a pany says its product is the most popular.（1）At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by ________. A.telling a storyB.giving examplesC.answering questionsD.showing a map（2）According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows ________. A.following others is always rightB.social proof may change people39。s ideasC.it39。s difficult to carry out the experimentD.people can study better if they are alone（3）The underlined word It in Paragraph g refers to ________. A.running with othersB.hunting with friendsC.copying others39。 actionD.doing something different（4）According to the passage, we can infer （推斷） that ________. A.it39。s important to run with others anytimeB.products in the advertisement are the bestC.we mustn39。t copy others39。 action to keep safeD.we need to think twice before following others【答案】 （1）B（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】短文大意：這篇短文通過(guò)幾個(gè)實(shí)例說(shuō)明了社會(huì)認(rèn)知感對(duì)人們的影響。 （1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why? 可知作者是通過(guò)實(shí)例說(shuō)明了一個(gè)論點(diǎn)社會(huì)認(rèn)同感的影響。故選B。 （2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容主要講讓人們選擇一個(gè)正確答案，在一個(gè)人單獨(dú)思考的狀況下，可以答對(duì)；當(dāng)一群人一起看問(wèn)題，并告知他們前面的人選擇的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤答案，他們就都選擇認(rèn)可前人回答的錯(cuò)誤答案，由此可知社會(huì)認(rèn)同感會(huì)讓人改變觀點(diǎn)。故選B。 （3）詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting （打獵） with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants （后代） of those who copied others39。 action.這種觀念深深種在我們的腦海中并且現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)耘f在使用?？芍猧t指的是人們抄襲他人的行動(dòng)。故選C。 （4）推理判斷題。根據(jù) So be careful whenever a pany says its product is the most popular. 因此無(wú)論何時(shí)當(dāng)一個(gè)公司說(shuō)它的產(chǎn)品是對(duì)受歡迎的要小心?？芍?dāng)我們?cè)诟鷱膭e人之前要再三考慮。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查閱讀理解。先閱讀短文，了解短文大意，然后分析問(wèn)題，弄清題意，再帶著問(wèn)題閱讀短文，從短文的細(xì)節(jié)中找出問(wèn)題答案。對(duì)于推理判斷題要根據(jù)文章中相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推理判斷，不要主觀臆斷，要根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)確定。 6．閱讀材料，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。 Mark Zuckerberg, who starts the social network Facebook, often wears jeans and a Tshirt to work, including to important business meetings. Not everyone agrees with him. Some people say he doesn39。t look serious this way. Harvard Business School researcher, Francesca Gino, has a different idea. While most people seem to think that dressing differently from those around you generally has a bad influence, she believes it can actually have a positive （積極的） effect. And she39。s done experiments to support her idea. When her researchers, wearing sportswear, visited the expensive shops in Italy, they were usually viewed as wealthier and more important people than those who were welldressed in designer clothes. Do people always view less formal （正式的） clothing more positively? Researchers in France took their research out into the street, to the general public. The video they made shows an actor dressed in a wellcut suit and shiny shoes. While walking along the road, he begins to cough badly, stops to catch his breath and falls down. Before he even calls for help, people rush to help him. In another video, the actor appears at the same crowded place and repeats the actions in exactly the same way. But this time, no one es to help. What39。s the difference? He39。s wearing untidy clothes and looks like a homeless person. In a situation like this, the clothes you39。re wearing could mean the difference between life and death. It seems that our clothing doesn39。t only change the way others view us, but also the way we see ourselves. In an experiment testing students39。 ability to pay attention to details （細(xì)節(jié)）, the group wearing white lab coats did the best. Why? Researchers told them that they were wearing the doctors39。 coats. The experiment didn39。t show whether such influences would last long. More experiments are needed in the future before we decide to make the doctors39。 coats a must of fashion.（1）Mark Zuckerberg is not considered serious by some people because ________. A.he does not listen to others39。 adviceB.he sets up a network of video gamesC.he wears jeans and a Tshirt to workD.he often plays jokes at business meetings（2）Which of the following is Gino39。s opinion according to Paragraph 2? A.It is necessary to buy expensive clothes.B.Wearing less formal clothes is