【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ten in practice than lowlevel figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most? The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. ________ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lowerlevel skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, ________ (remain) within their fort zone. This is why they don39。t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never ________ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. ________ is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before ing up with the design ________ made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put ________: You can39。t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention. In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don39。t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (訴訟). The consequence is that ________ learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes ________ (repeat). According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. ________ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve.【答案】 if / when；To stretch；remaining；failing；What；which / that；it；instead of；are repeated；Until / Unless 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，只有先學會如何失敗，才能真正成功，作者用這個道理告訴美國的醫(yī)療保健部門只有學會積極面對失敗，醫(yī)療事故的情況才會好轉(zhuǎn)。 （1）考查狀語從句。句意：但矛盾的是，我們的孩子只有先學會如何失敗，才能真正成功。根據(jù)句意可知此處既可以用if引導條件狀語從句，表示如果……，也可用when引導時間狀語從句，表示當……的時候，故填if / when。 （2）考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了突破自己的局限，他們一直在努力。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示目的，應該用不定式做目的狀語，故填To stretch。 （3）考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們總是嘗試他們已經(jīng)做得很容易的動作，保持在他們的舒適區(qū)內(nèi)。They與remain之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動，用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語，故填remaining。 （4）考查非謂語動詞。句意：在實踐中從不失敗會阻礙他們進步。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動名詞做主語，故填failing。 （5）考查主語從句。句意：生活中的情況和滑冰的情況是一樣的。此處為主語從句，從句中缺少主語，故填What。 （6）考查定語從句。句意：詹姆斯戴森為最新款的吸塵器設計了5126個原型，然后才想出了這個讓他大賺一筆的設計。此處為定語從句，先行詞為design，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語，故填which / that。 （7）考查代詞。句意：正如戴森所說的：除非你測試新想法，并在事情出錯時學習，否則你不會開發(fā)出新技術(shù)，失敗是發(fā)明的基礎。as someone puts it固定句式。正如某人所說表示。put it表達......故填it。 （8）考查介詞短語。句意：結(jié)果是，醫(yī)療保健往往掩蓋失敗，而不是從失敗中吸取教訓。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示而不是，故填instead of。 （9）考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：其直接后果是一再地犯同樣的錯誤。陳述的是客觀事實，mistakes 與repeat之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故填are repeated。 （10）考查連詞。句意：除非醫(yī)療保健學會積極面對失敗，否則情況不會好轉(zhuǎn)（直到醫(yī)療保健學會積極面對失敗，情況才會好轉(zhuǎn)）。根據(jù)句意可知此處表示除非或直到，故填Until / Unless。 【點評】本題考點涉及狀語從句，非謂語動詞，主語從句，定語從句，代詞，介詞短語，時態(tài)語態(tài)以及連詞等多個知識點的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識，進行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。6．閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Boat Building is a longwinded and timeconsuming business, even when ________ is going down the slipway is a small craft ________(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass. Construct a mould(模具). Build up layers of resin(樹脂) and glass fibre inside that mould. Extract the pleted structure and finish it. All told, it can take months. That, ________, may soon change. For researchers at the University of Maine are now in ________process of testing an 8metre (25foot) patrol boat that took just 72 hours to make from scratch. Their trick was to build the boat ________(use) a giant 3D printer. Since they appeared in ________(merce) form in the 1990s, generally 3D printers ________ (employ) in factories to make small things like ponents of jetengines and dental crowns(牙冠). Now, a new generation of outsize printers is arriving. These are capable ________turning out much bigger objects than previously possible, and printing them faster. To print the patrol boat, part of an American army project, the team in Maine linked up with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in Tennessee, which helped ________ (develop) the printing process, and Ingersoll Machine Tools, in Illinois, which built the printer itself. The university estimates that for boat building, a mon trade in the state, large 3D printers of this sort will ________(dramatic) cut the cost and time required to produce new ships.【答案】 what；made；though/however；the；using；mercial；have been employed；of；develop / to develop；dramatically 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了大型3D打印機可用來制造船舶。 （1）考查主語從句。句意：造船是一個漫長而枯燥的過程，即使最終從造船臺上滑下來的只是一艘用玻璃纖維等現(xiàn)代材料制造的小船，而非用木板釘成的傳統(tǒng)船只。______ is going down the slipway是when引導的時間狀語從句中的主語從句，主語從句缺少主語，在此表示的事物，故填what。 （2）考查非謂語動詞。此處表示用玻璃纖維等現(xiàn)代材料制造的小船。______(make) from modern materials such as fibreglass用來修飾craft，作定語，craft與make是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞，故填made。 （3）考查副詞。句意：不過，現(xiàn)狀可能馬上會發(fā)生改變。根據(jù)前后文語境可知此處表示之前制作大約需要好幾月的實踐，而這一切隨著3D打印的使用可能要發(fā)生改變。所以表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填however/though。 （4）考查冠詞。句意：緬因大學的研究者正在測試一條 8 米長的巡邏艇，它的建造過程只花了 72 小時。in the process of…固定短語，“在......過程中”，故填the。 （5）考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們的秘密武器，是使用一臺大型的 3D 打印機來造船。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此句有謂語動詞was，所以use 要使用非謂語，再根據(jù)their trick可知使用者是人，所以人與use是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填using。 （6）考查形容詞。句