【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 m don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.” 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國(guó)家而異，但總的來說，在影響力較大的國(guó)家，如果你遵循國(guó)家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒有明確說明這一點(diǎn)，但是你對(duì)環(huán)境的影響會(huì)因?yàn)樽裱改隙鴾p輕。由此推斷出 并非所有國(guó)家都以明確的方式推薦飲食 ，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)Paul Behrens會(huì)贊成，故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導(dǎo)致了其他問題，例如伊利湖的藻類爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣的死亡區(qū)域。由此推斷出劃線詞所在的句子意思是我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來了巨大代價(jià)。takes a big toll on固定短語，“付出了巨大的代價(jià)”，故選B。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。由此可知。A選項(xiàng)的描述 糧食生產(chǎn)可導(dǎo)致約20%的人為造成的溫室氣體，而只使用了三分之一的無冰土地 正確，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 Threequarters of the world39。s coffee farms destroy forest habitat to grow coffee in the sun and typically use harmful pesticides (殺蟲劑) and chemicals that poison the environment. When forests disappear, migratory (遷徙的) songbirds disappear, too. In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. Bird Friendly coffees are shadegrown, meaning the coffee is planted under trees, rather than on the land that has been cleared of all other plants. Coffee experts say shadegrown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more plex flavor. Bird Friendly certified coffees grow under biodiverse shade that provides habitat for migratory songbirds and other wildlife, stores carbon and fights climate change. Bird Friendly coffees are also certified organic, meaning they are grown without pesticides, which is better for people and for the planet. Bird Friendly producers can also earn more for their crops. The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional ine. Every cup of Bird Friendly coffee purchased rewards these farmers with a little more money for being good stewards of the environment and encourages them to continue conserving Bird Friendly habitat. Buying Bird Friendly supports the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center39。s conservation research aimed at understanding and protecting your feathered friends. You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a store or cafe near you, or better yet, have it shipped to your door when you order online.（1）What is the present situation of coffee farms? A.One fourth of them have destroyed forest habitat for birds.B.Pesticides and chemicals used on them poisoned many birds.C.Farmers have been aware of environment protection.D.Scientists pay attention to them and have e up with an idea.（2）What39。s a characteristic of Bird Friendly coffees? A.They may have a better taste.B.They have a strange flavor.C.They take less time to ripen.D.They are grown on unpolluted land.（3）How can Bird Friendly farmers earn more money? A.By charging consumers more money.B.By selling fruits and wood from trees.C.By cutting down trees and selling wood.D.By serving as stewards of coffee consumers.（4）What does the text suggest coffee consumers do? A.Consume less coffee.B.Order coffee online.C.Purchase shadegrown coffee.D.Donate to coffee farmers.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，為了應(yīng)對(duì)嚴(yán)重的遷徙鳥類的數(shù)量和棲息地?fù)p失，史密森尼的科學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了 the Bird Friendly certification 。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“ In order to deal with severe population and habitat loss, Smithsonian scientists created the Bird Friendly certification. ”可知，科學(xué)家們重視咖啡生長(zhǎng)地的問題，并以想出應(yīng)對(duì)辦法，故選D。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ Coffee experts say shadegrown coffees taste better, because the beans ripen slower than coffee grown in the full sun, resulting in a richer, more plex flavor. ”咖啡專家說，陰涼處種植的咖啡味道更好，因?yàn)槎棺颖忍栂碌目Х瘸墒斓寐瑫?huì)產(chǎn)生更豐富，更復(fù)雜的味道。故選A。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“ The wood and fruit trees on shade coffee farms provide farmers with additional ine. ”可知，咖啡種植者可以通過咖啡樹上方的the wood and fruit trees增加收入，故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“ You can purchase Bird Friendly certified coffees around the world and protect wildlife and habitat with every cup ”你能在全世界買Bird Friendly 認(rèn)證的咖啡，每杯都保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物和棲息地，故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile! Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive. He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion. When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷爾蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body39。s main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fightor