【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 nkind /As ma39。s ingratitude (忘恩負(fù)義). Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (無(wú)人性). There aren39。t many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare. Once winter became less of a threat to human beings, literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations. The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors. Dickens39。 A Christmas Carol (1843) was the start of this, but Christmas is still a mon, cheery element (元素)in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling39。s Harry Potter and the Philosopher39。s Stone (1997) as they sit down for their festive meal： Harry had never in all his life had such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat，roast turkeys。 mountains of roast and boiled potatoes。 platters of chipolatas。 tureens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce. It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it. Although winter still isn39。t the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it39。s safe to say that writers have certainly warmed up since Shakespeare39。s days.（1）What39。s the author39。s main purpose in writing this article? remend some winter stories in literature. explain what winter is like in literary works. describe certain customs that are related to winter. tell us why winter is described as unpleasant in literature.（2）What can we learn from Shakespeare39。s works? didn39。t like winter for its bad weather. Lear was forced to give up being a king in a cold winter.39。s in winter when King Lear drove his two daughters off. is pared with the ugly side of humanity.（3）Why does the author mention Charles Dickens in the passage? a lot of his works are related to winter. he is the most popular author of winter stories. he started a new way of representing winter. his works make people feel cheerful in winter.（4）The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher39。s Stone is used mainly to show . Christmas food makes the winter cheery is still a symbol of joy in modern stories39。s a pleasure to read Christmasrelated books in winter has bee the happiest season in literary works【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面經(jīng)常在文學(xué)作品中看到，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，文學(xué)作品中冬天的含義也在發(fā)生變化。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature”可知，人們經(jīng)?？梢栽谖膶W(xué)中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐懼的方面。隨后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面?？赏浦?，作者寫(xiě)本文是為了解釋文學(xué)作品中的冬天是什么樣子的。故選B。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity (無(wú)人性). There aren39。t many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.”可知，在莎士比亞的戲劇《皆大歡喜》中，冬天被用來(lái)展現(xiàn)人性的丑陋。莎士比亞認(rèn)為，沒(méi)有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段可知，自狄更斯以來(lái)，在文學(xué)中這個(gè)季節(jié)的表現(xiàn)常常是圣誕快樂(lè)的慶?；顒?dòng)。由此可知，作者在文中提到查爾斯狄更斯是因?yàn)樗_(kāi)啟了一種描寫(xiě)冬天的新方式。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天氣與室內(nèi)的樂(lè)趣形成了對(duì)比。再根據(jù)第六段第二句話可知，在J. K. Rowling的《哈利?波特與魔法石》中，哈利?波特和他的朋友們?cè)谙碛檬フQ大餐時(shí)是快樂(lè)的。作者通過(guò)這個(gè)例子說(shuō)明在現(xiàn)代故事中圣誕節(jié)仍然是快樂(lè)的象征。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 An earthquake is one of the most mon natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them in the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed, sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement, these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. There is a strong chance of short circuits (短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. During an earthquake, lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times. If you are outdoors, do not take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object. If trapped in debris (瓦礫堆), cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers (營(yíng)救人員) can find you. Use a whistle (哨子) if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust.（1）The purpose of the passage is to tell readers . to do in earthquakes to prevent earthquakes damage caused by earthquakes rescue work after earthquakes（2）The underlined word Fragile in Paragraph 2 probably means . found broken（3）During the earthquake, people are advised to . shelter under a tree to a safe place quickly out of the building at once off electricity and gas immediately【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者對(duì)于如何在地震中保護(hù)自己和家人這一問(wèn)題，給出了一些簡(jiǎn)單的安全技巧。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.”因此，學(xué)習(xí)一些簡(jiǎn)單的安全技巧來(lái)保護(hù)自己和家人是明智的?？芍@篇文章的目的是告訴讀者在地震中該怎么做。故選A。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)ike those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface, near the ground instead of placing them in the cupboards higher up.”像那些玻璃做的容易破碎，通常應(yīng)放在較低的表面，接近地面，而不是把它們放在較高的碗柜。可知，“Fragile”的意思是易碎的。故選C。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas i