【正文】 t fighter mounted AESA radar, the ZhukAE, contained 652 T/R modules and was unveiled in 2007. The Israeli ELM2052 AESA radar, which has been marketed for both the F16 and the FA50 – a joint Korean Aerospace Industry and Lockheed Martin F16 derivative, has roughly 512 T/R modules (Trimble, 2014). The only firm outside of the United States that was able to produce a 1,000 T/R element within one generation was the French avionics firm Thales with its RB2E radar (Avionics Today, 2009). While the relative technological maturity of European, Israeli, and Russian AESAs is not directly indicative of the relative technological maturity of China’s packaging technology, it is an indicator that the first generation AESA produced by China is likely not on par with the US which is generally recognized as having the most technological mature T/R packaging technology (Kopp, 2014).俄羅斯首款裝備戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的AESA雷達(dá)——ZhukAE，包含652個(gè)T/R組件，并在2007年首次公開亮相。因此，AESA系統(tǒng)工作期間所產(chǎn)生的大量熱量需要耗散，以避免發(fā)射部分芯片變?yōu)樯榛墶叭蹱t”——高可靠性的砷化鎵微波單片集成電路需配備更佳的散熱器。AESA radars represent a significant increase in detection power, reliability, and electronic warfare capabilities when pared to older electronically scanned arrays (ESA) and mechanically scanned arrays (MSA). This article largely focus on more technical aspects of AESAs but the basics of AESAs are cogently detailed by Karlo Kopp in Active Electronically Steered Arrays A Maturing Technology.對(duì)比較早的電子掃描陣列（無源相控陣）雷達(dá)和機(jī)械掃描雷達(dá)，有源相控陣?yán)走_(dá)具有在探測(cè)性能、可靠性和電子戰(zhàn)方面均有大幅提升。The Technological Maturity of Chinese AESA Technology amp。本文主要關(guān)注AESA技術(shù)，但該技術(shù)的更詳細(xì)描述可參考Karlo Kopp的《有源相控陣列——一個(gè)成熟的技術(shù)》一文。在眾多已裝備的航電機(jī)載設(shè)備中所使用的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)冷技術(shù)，并不適用于高密度封裝的AESA系統(tǒng)，因此，現(xiàn)代AESA系統(tǒng)采用液冷技術(shù)。以色列的ELM2052 AESA雷達(dá)，在F16和FA50戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)上都擁有一定市場(chǎng)（后者是韓國(guó)聯(lián)合航空工業(yè)集團(tuán)在洛克希德馬丁公司F16上研發(fā)的一款戰(zhàn)機(jī)），據(jù)估計(jì)，該型雷達(dá)擁有約512個(gè)T/R組件（Trimble公司，2014）。s AESA is the Type 1475. While the nose volume of the J20 is certainly large, the jet overall is longer and heavier than the F22, no credible figures for nose volume were available at the time of this publication. As with the J16 T/R figure, the J20 figure is substantially greater than that of the most advanced US and Russian designs. Even if the Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology (NRIET) or the China Leihua Electronic Technology Research Institute (607 Institute) was able to develop sufficient packaging technology that would enable 1,856 T/R modules within the J2039。 as they get closer to the F22, they will be identified and prioritized。越遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)獲得更少的雷達(dá)觀測(cè)；當(dāng)這些目標(biāo)不斷接近F22時(shí)，他們將被識(shí)別和按優(yōu)先級(jí)排序；而后，當(dāng)這些目標(biāo)距離足夠近時(shí)，F(xiàn)22將選擇與其交戰(zhàn)或回避，F(xiàn)22的雷達(dá)將持續(xù)跟蹤這些目標(biāo)。s single greatest difficulty in designing the ZukAE was the AESA39。雖然歐洲、以色列和俄羅斯的AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)所采用的封裝技術(shù)水平并不能直接說明中國(guó)的封裝技術(shù)水平，但他們可作為參考，并說明在第一代AESA雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中，中國(guó)不可能擁有與美國(guó)相同的技術(shù)水平，而美國(guó)被廣泛承認(rèn)是掌握最先進(jìn)專業(yè)T/R組件封裝技術(shù)的國(guó)家（Kopp，2014）。典型的液冷系統(tǒng)往往采用一個(gè)液壓泵驅(qū)動(dòng)冷卻液在天線的散熱管道中流動(dòng)，并最終通過冷卻液將熱量傳遞給熱交換機(jī)。s thermal management system(s). The volume of the nose is a fairly intuitive constraint, the larger an aircraft’s nose is, the larger the radar can be. For example, the F15C’s nose cone is able to acmodate the much larger 1,500 T/R element APG63V(3) radar vs. the F16C Block 60 with its paratively smaller nose cone and its 1,000 T/R element APG80 AESA. Packaging technology refers to how many individual T/R modules can be installed within the finite space usually acplished by reductions in size of the individual T/R modules. The more technologically advan