【正文】 roducing enterprises do not provide for purification of industrial wastewaters, dumping thousands of tonnes of polluting substances into the water bodies. The purification facilities which exist in some places were constructed a long time ago and had been designed with regard to the requirements of domestic wastewater purification. Such facilities, at best, partially decrease the value of general BOD (biological oxygen demand) or simply let the wastewater flow through。今年向日葵的年產(chǎn)量達(dá) 400萬多噸。在該方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對污水的凈化是一個(gè)初步澄清分離 污水 中的碳酸鈣，隨后用次氯酸鈉澄清水，再添加中和劑的過程。食品工廠在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和去除環(huán)境中廢物的過程中的主要問題的另一個(gè)重要方面是確保生態(tài)安全。 因此， 科學(xué)家們和專家認(rèn)為 這種油必須在安全和衛(wèi)生的控制下精制提純，核實(shí)不存在這些物質(zhì)。 the appearance of the substance resembles shaken emulsion of suspended substances in the form of tiny flakes having a sharp unpleasant smell of rancid fat exposed to rotting processes. 以研究為基礎(chǔ)，我們通過烏克蘭的植物油生產(chǎn) 企業(yè)選擇廢棄的污水，那些企業(yè)的凈化設(shè)施由于工藝缺陷幾乎不用。 substances (anionic) 7 Fats mg/dm179。С without air and light access in an entirely filled and corked bottle。 It was detected that oil productionrelated wastewaters contain the following phospholipids (Figure 1): 這是市面上 檢測到的油制造行業(yè)污水所包 含 的 磷脂 (圖 1)： Figure 1. Chromatogram of phospholipids in oil production Wastewaters 圖 1 油制造行業(yè) 污水 的磷脂氣相色譜 1 neutral lipids。 1 12 溶血磷脂絲氨酸 On the stage of primary water treatment, reagent methods were used, which included neutralisation of oil industry’s wastewaters using calcium carbonate (chalk) which is a cheap and easily accessible material. The technology of water purification by chemical deposition presupposes its preliminary purification from colloidaldispersed and suspended substances using coagulation with subsequent separation of the deposition as a result of filtering, settlement or flotation. As a result of chalk injection — g into the wastewater (V = ml), intense discharge of carbonic acid is observed whereby a thick foamy layer is formed and salts related to sulphate acid (which is used in the production process) subside into deposit. When the mix is heated, the mentioned process accelerates, which testifies to the fact that neutraliser can be injected into the wastewater received immediately after production without prior cooling of this wastewater。 quantities of formed wastes are not large (only oxidised, disinfected organic polluters are produced)。這就是為什么我們選擇物質(zhì)凈化方法 不僅要考慮污水凈化效率 ,還要考慮它的價(jià)格。 Therefore, upon pletion of purification using sodium hypochlorite and upon having conducted a chromatographic analysis of phospholipids in the received deposition, a conclusion could be made that fat content of the deposition is similar to the fat content of output wastewater. This confirms the efficiency of the proposed technology for removal of organic polluters. 因此 ,在利用次氯酸鈉凈化和在得到沉淀中磷脂進(jìn)行色譜分析的基礎(chǔ)上，得出結(jié)論，沉淀中的脂肪含量幾乎等于 污水 中的脂肪含量。這是最簡單可行的方法。 5 磷脂酸 。 接著 順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn) 90度和最初的進(jìn)行比較，再一次插入到裝滿方法 2溶液的色譜儀內(nèi)。 In order to determine BOD5, a neutralisation of the examined water sample was made and the water sample was dissolved using a specially prepared, oxygensaturated water containing nutrients。 3 Phosphates mg/dm179。這些物質(zhì)排放到 水體 中促進(jìn)了腐爛 過程，病原菌污染了水體 ，導(dǎo)致水惡臭并且對動(dòng)植物產(chǎn)生影響。 Extraction method is applied owing to the solubility of fat in organic ether, hexane, and pentane. The fat which is produced in this manner must be cleansed of solvents and the fat is to be refined. 提取方法是 應(yīng)用于溶解性脂肪如有機(jī)醚、環(huán)己烷和 戊烷 。這種產(chǎn)品的特征是包含了某些材料，除了具有提供傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分和能量的功能，還具有一系列獨(dú)特的生理功能，有助于人體對抗負(fù)面影響。 thinlayer chromatography。 Therefore, we are facing a crucially important task which foresees a more detailed examination of peculiarities of such valuable product as sunflower oil, bringing this production closer to the ecologically clean technologies whilst minimising the wastes of production. 因此 ,我們正在面臨著一個(gè)重要的任務(wù) , 更詳盡地預(yù)測如此有價(jià)值的向日葵花油的產(chǎn)品特性，促進(jìn)清潔生產(chǎn)同時(shí)減少產(chǎn)生的廢料。 這些設(shè)施即使在最好的情況下 也只能減少部分 BOD（生物需氧量）值或者僅僅是讓水通過；最壞的情況是這些污水在排入水體前腐蝕這些設(shè)備并增強(qiáng)毒性。 污水 的污染程度 取決于以下指標(biāo)(表 1)。 7 脂肪 mg/dm179。 clockwise pared to its initial placing, and again inserted into the chromatographic chamber filled with a system of solvents for Direction 2. After passing of F2 Solvent Front, the plate was removed and airdried. Then it was developed in an exsiccator saturated with iodine steam for about 15 minutes. The phospholipids manifested themselves on the chromatogram in the form of yellow stains. 經(jīng)過初步硫酸鹽中和和沉淀，污水（數(shù)量 =50mcl） 涂抹在感光片右下角。 2 磷脂酰乙醇胺 。實(shí)際水質(zhì)指標(biāo)就是凈化效果 。 then airdries and inserted into the chromatographic