【正文】 這些中小企業(yè)群體的產(chǎn)品主要為錢(qián)江摩托集團(tuán)配套，同時(shí)，部分產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)往外地。在技術(shù)要求不是很高，所需投入在企業(yè)能力范圍之內(nèi)時(shí)，企業(yè)通常采取自己組織相關(guān)的人力、物力、財(cái)力進(jìn)行技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)和創(chuàng)新。相對(duì)而言，配套零部件的技術(shù)含量不是很高，而且隨著配套的延伸，技術(shù)要求越來(lái)越低，比較適合集群式供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)的大量中小型企業(yè)。集群式供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)中的信息具體有兩方面的作用：第一，沿供應(yīng)鏈方向上的各單元集合企業(yè)之間的信息溝通，可以使整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行柔性化生產(chǎn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)采購(gòu)、即時(shí)生產(chǎn)與即時(shí)銷(xiāo)售；第二，集群式供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)的核心企業(yè)和協(xié)作層企業(yè)與以提供配套服務(wù)為主的外部松散型企業(yè)之間的信息溝通，可以提高整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)的反應(yīng)速度，提高大規(guī)模定制化服務(wù)的能力。集群式供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)原材料專(zhuān)業(yè)市場(chǎng)研發(fā)技術(shù)信 息物 流產(chǎn)品專(zhuān)業(yè)市場(chǎng)推 推拉輔 助輔 助（1）研發(fā)技術(shù)研發(fā)技術(shù)是產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和集群式供應(yīng)鏈高效運(yùn)行的強(qiáng)大推動(dòng)力。（3）無(wú)中心型集群式供應(yīng)鏈 無(wú)中心型集群式供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)侵?，在產(chǎn)業(yè)集群內(nèi)，由市場(chǎng)地位相近的若干企業(yè)，圍繞某產(chǎn)業(yè)形成的多條平行交錯(cuò)的供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)。（4）基于時(shí)間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的大規(guī)模定制性集群式供應(yīng)鏈的實(shí)質(zhì)是一個(gè)縱橫結(jié)構(gòu)精巧，各環(huán)節(jié)相互協(xié)調(diào)的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，與傳統(tǒng)單鏈?zhǔn)焦?yīng)鏈一樣，具有實(shí)施大規(guī)模定制化的基礎(chǔ)。基于此，本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，將集群式供應(yīng)鏈定義為：圍繞某一產(chǎn)業(yè)或相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)的諸多不同規(guī)模、等級(jí)的企業(yè)群和組織機(jī)構(gòu)群，包括供應(yīng)商、制造商、分銷(xiāo)商以及各種中介服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)等，沿供應(yīng)鏈方向，以供應(yīng)關(guān)系（供應(yīng)商——客戶(hù)）為紐帶，基于本地一體化，在同一產(chǎn)業(yè)集群內(nèi)部形成的完整或相對(duì)完整的網(wǎng)絡(luò)式供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)。武漢理工大學(xué)的朱燕君，認(rèn)為集群網(wǎng)絡(luò)式供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)墙橛谑袌?chǎng)和企業(yè)的一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織形式，并對(duì)集群網(wǎng)絡(luò)式供應(yīng)鏈的具體協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究。（1） “短距離 ”市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)鏈。9 / 51產(chǎn)業(yè)集群 供應(yīng)鏈單一中心型多中心型無(wú)中心型物流信息專(zhuān)業(yè)市場(chǎng)研發(fā)技術(shù)組織模式類(lèi)型驅(qū)動(dòng)因素耦合提升層面企業(yè)層面 政府層面中間機(jī)構(gòu)層面集 群 式 供 應(yīng) 鏈特 征類(lèi) 型總 體 構(gòu) 架驅(qū) 動(dòng) 因 素概念提出理論基礎(chǔ) 本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足 論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)隨著國(guó)內(nèi)近幾年地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展，產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和供應(yīng)鏈作為有效的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展載體和組織管理模式，正成為理論界研究的重點(diǎn)和主流。伊文斯（ Evens）認(rèn)為：“供應(yīng)鏈管理是通過(guò)前饋的信息流和反饋的物流及信息流，將供應(yīng)商、制造商、分銷(xiāo)商、零售商，直到最終用戶(hù)聯(lián)成一個(gè)整體的模式” 。仇保興（1998 年）從專(zhuān)業(yè)化分工的角度，分析了中小企業(yè)集群的形成機(jī)制，從產(chǎn)權(quán)、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)品和要素市場(chǎng)，以及人文環(huán)境等方面分析了產(chǎn)業(yè)集群形成和發(fā)展過(guò)程中的制約因素 1。第二，通過(guò)對(duì)集群式供應(yīng)鏈的組織模式的研究，揭示我國(guó)目前不同產(chǎn)業(yè)集群內(nèi)部供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的組織模式，以為地方政府根據(jù)自身的特點(diǎn)發(fā)展集群經(jīng)濟(jì)提供相應(yīng)的方法指導(dǎo)。馬歇爾(1890)總結(jié)了企業(yè)區(qū)位集聚的原因，并提出了外部規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)理論。企業(yè)突破縱向一體化的戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展思路，重點(diǎn)發(fā)展自身的核心業(yè)務(wù)，專(zhuān)業(yè)分工從企業(yè)內(nèi)部轉(zhuǎn)移到企業(yè)外部。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，我國(guó)集群經(jīng)濟(jì)得到了迅猛發(fā)展，以浙江的“塊狀經(jīng)濟(jì)” 和廣東的 “專(zhuān)業(yè)鎮(zhèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)”為代表，涌現(xiàn)出一批經(jīng)營(yíng)靈活的中小企業(yè)集群，極大的促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，引起了很多地方政府和企業(yè)的高度重視。關(guān)鍵字：產(chǎn)業(yè)集群，供應(yīng)鏈，集群式供應(yīng)鏈，組織模式III / 51ABSTRACTAlong with the development of technology and productivity, it makes the uncertainty of market demand increase that the consumption level of customer enhancing continuously, the petition among enterprises intensifying and the greatly change of the economy and social environment. The uncertainty change of internal and external environment caused by “3C”, makes enterprises carry on the anization and the system form innovation, in order to enhance the international petitive power themselves, especially during the progress of economy transforming and being melted into the global economic system. The industrial cluster and the supply chain management, as the effective development carrier of region economy and the model of anization manage, is being the key of survival and development for many economic entities and the enterprises. Since the reform and open policy, cluster economy in China has developed fleetly and emerged many smallsized enterprise clusters, take the “block economy” in Zhejiang Province and the “specialized town economy” in Guangdong Province for example. They accelerate the local economy development enormously, and cause the high recognition for many local authorities and the enterprises. In fact, the enterprises in the industrial cluster only collect simply to share the resources and information. There lacks of one highly effective supply chain system to integrate the enterprises together, and exists more petition than cooperation in cluster.This paper takes the coupling between industrial cluster and supply chain as the new angle, from the study of single supply chain that is the mainstream theory based on the enterprise at present, to the study of supply chain based on the industrial cluster. First, the article generally analyzes and concludes the basic theories of the management of the industrial cluster and the supply chain, paving the way for the joint research of the two later, then brings forward the concept of cluster supply chain based on the domestic and international research of the two together, considering the cluster supply chain as such a anization: “originated but not limited to the enterprise, based on but not localized to the cluster”. After giving the concept, the article analyzes and concludes the types and the characters of the cluster supply chain generally, pointing out that there are three kinds of cluster supply chain anization in our country presently: singlecentered, multicentered and noncentered. Then the article gives a total description of the cluster supply chain, designs and concludes the whole structure of its anization, further pointing out the four factors which push the chain functions effectively. The core of this article is the research of the specific structure of the anization about different types of cluster supply chain from the angle of the four factors, and uses cases to prove it separately. In the end, the article concludes some specific polices and protective measures from the facets of government, mesosphere and the enterprise.Key Words：Industrial cluster, Supply chain, Cluster supply chain, Organization modelV / 51目 錄1 導(dǎo) 論 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1 選題背景及研究意義 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1 選題背景 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????1 研究意義 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????2 國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)理論綜述 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????3 產(chǎn)業(yè)集群理論綜述 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4 供應(yīng)鏈理論綜述 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5 研究思路及研究?jī)?nèi)容 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7 本文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????9 論文的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新點(diǎn) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????9 論文的不足之處 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????102 集群式供應(yīng)鏈及其驅(qū)動(dòng)因素分析 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????