【正文】 on a test and say, “I got it because it was easy.” And there are other kids, the kind with selfefficacy or selfesteem, who get an A on a test and say, “I got it because I39。s do the things that reap the rewards, that make your parents proud, and your teachers pleased, and your friends the time you started high school and maybe even junior high, your whole goal was to get into the best college you could, and so now you naturally think about your life in terms of “getting into” whatever39。s just that, as you get deeper and deeper into the funnel, into the tunnel, it bees increasingly difficult to remember who you once start to wonder what happened to that person who played piano and lacrosse and sat around with her friends having intense conversations about life and politics and all the things she was learning in her 19yearold who could do so many things, and was interested in so many things, has bee a 40yearold who thinks about only one 39。t mean your are more than our jobs, and education is more than a is more than college, more even than the totality of your formal schooling, from kindergarten through graduate “What are you going to do,” I mean, what kind of life are you going to lead? And by “that,” I mean everything in your training, formal and informal, that has brought you to be sitting here today, and everything you39。打開自己，直面各種可能性吧。最重要的是，去拒否失敗的恐懼感。成為醫(yī)生、律師、科學(xué)家、工程師或者經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家沒有什么不好，這些都是可靠的、可敬的選擇（valid and admirable choices）。s selfish to pursue your passion, unless it39。這是美國(guó)社會(huì)的貧困——思想、道德和精神貧困的最明顯癥狀，美國(guó)最聰明的年輕人竟然認(rèn)為聽從自己的好奇心行動(dòng)就是自我放任?！霸诠プx學(xué)位過程中有這么多事要做的時(shí)候（so many other things），試圖按照自己的感覺生活難道不是自我放任嗎？”“畢業(yè)后不去找個(gè)真正的工作（getting a real job）而去畫畫難道不是自我放任嗎？”這些是年輕人只要思考一下稍稍出格（a little bit different）的事就不由自主地質(zhì)問自己的問題。他們和其他人對(duì)世界的看法格格不入，更糟糕的是，讓別人對(duì)自己已經(jīng)做出的選擇感到不安全或無法做出選擇。你根本不用自己創(chuàng)造，什么都不用做，只需申請(qǐng)然后按要求做就行了，就像上大學(xué)或法學(xué)院或麥肯錫公司或別的什么。我得到的最常見的批評(píng)是：教育項(xiàng)目“為美國(guó)而教”（Teach for America）如何？從名校出來的很多學(xué)生畢業(yè)后很多參與這個(gè)教育項(xiàng)目，因此我的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。即確認(rèn)你自己的價(jià)值觀（own values），思考邁向自己所定義的成功的道路，而不僅僅是接受別人給你的生活(simply accepting the life that you39。真正的創(chuàng)新意味著運(yùn)用你的想象力，發(fā)揮你的潛力，創(chuàng)造新的可能性。”再次，認(rèn)為得了優(yōu)秀是因?yàn)樽约郝斆鞯南敕ú]有任何錯(cuò)，不過，哈佛學(xué)生沒有認(rèn)識(shí)到的是他們沒有第三種選擇（a third alternative）。這聽起來像老生常談，但這個(gè)被稱為中年危機(jī)（midlife crisis）的“有一天醒來”（“waking up one day”）一直就發(fā)生在每個(gè)人身上。你邁出了這一步，下一步似乎就必然在等著你。你考入醫(yī)學(xué)院是因?yàn)樗牡匚桓?，人人都羨慕。s a smart guy, but all he talks about is money and livers.”）還有另外一個(gè)問題。再次，做這些事沒有任何錯(cuò)。真的，你能知道的一切就只是你的專業(yè)了。你用幾個(gè)暑假在本地大學(xué)里預(yù)習(xí)大學(xué)課程，或參加專門技能的夏令營(yíng)或訓(xùn)練營(yíng)。]我們不僅僅是我們的工作，教育的全部也不僅僅是一門主修專業(yè)。我們不妨先來討論你是如何考入斯坦福的吧。掌握這些技能當(dāng)然沒有錯(cuò)，全力以赴成為最優(yōu)秀的人也沒有錯(cuò)。在你走向所渴望的成功之路的過程中，進(jìn)入斯坦福是你踏上的眾多階梯中的一個(gè)。那個(gè)活潑能干的19歲年輕人已經(jīng)變成了只想一件事的40歲中年人。（It39。從你上高中開始，甚至初中開始，你的唯一目標(biāo)就是進(jìn)入最好的大學(xué)，所以現(xiàn)在你會(huì)很自然地從“進(jìn)入下個(gè)階段”的角度看待人生（you naturally think about your life in terms of “getting into” whatever39。你在上學(xué)期間全身心都在朝著這個(gè)目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。幾年前，我在哈佛參加了一次小組討論會(huì)，談到這些問題。真正的自尊意味著對(duì)此問題的足夠認(rèn)識(shí)：盡管你在成長(zhǎng)過程中的一切都在教導(dǎo)你要相信自己，但你所達(dá)到的登記，還有那些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、成績(jī)、獎(jiǎng)品、錄取通知書等所有這一切，都不能來定義你是誰（defines who you are）。（Not following a path, but making your own path.）我談?wù)摰南胂罅κ堑赖孪胂罅Γ╩oral imagination；眠按：這個(gè)是心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞）。但你可以做出另外的選擇，你可以轉(zhuǎn)身走出去?！盀槊绹?guó)而教”的問題或者“為美國(guó)而教”已經(jīng)成為體系一部分的問題，是它已經(jīng)成為另外一個(gè)需要“進(jìn)入”的門檻。道德想象力是困難的，這種困難與你已經(jīng)習(xí)慣的困難完全不同。在《青年藝術(shù)家的肖像》（A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man）中，詹姆斯?喬伊斯（James Joyce）讓主人公斯蒂芬?迪達(dá)勒斯（Stephen Dedalus）就19世紀(jì)末期的愛爾蘭的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境說出了如下名言“當(dāng)一個(gè)人的靈魂誕生在這個(gè)國(guó)家時(shí)，有一張大網(wǎng)把它罩住，防止它飛翔。好像自己已經(jīng)走火入魔了似的：拋棄確定無疑的東西是瘋了，認(rèn)為思想生活可行是瘋了，想象你有權(quán)嘗試是瘋了。這是什么道理？進(jìn)入證券咨詢業(yè)是不是自我放任？進(jìn)入金融業(yè)是不是自我放任？像許多人那樣進(jìn)入律師界發(fā)財(cái)是不是自我放任？搞音樂，寫文章就不行，因?yàn)樗荒芙o人帶來利益（what good does that really do anyone）。這是永不停息的過程（a neverending process）。我在敦促你們的，是認(rèn)識(shí)到你的道德自由（moral freedom）并熱情擁抱它。你將從錯(cuò)誤中緩過來，而且，正是因?yàn)檫@些錯(cuò)誤，你更好地認(rèn)識(shí)你自己。What Are You Going to Do With That?By William DeresiewiczThe essay below is adapted from a talk delivered to a freshman class at Stanford University in question my title poses, of course, is the one that is classically aimed at humanities practical value could there possibly be in studying literature or art or philosophy? So you must be wondering why I39。s nothing wrong with mastering skills, with wanting to do your best and to be the 39。s another you never really wanted to be a cardiac surgeon in the first just kind of 39。re doing it, what it39。re what that Harvard student didn39。m talking about is moral imagination.“Moral” meaning not right or wrong, but having to do with making imagination means the capacity to envision new ways to live your means not just going with the means not just “getting into” whatever school or program es means figuring out what you want for yourself, not what your parents want, or your peers want, or your school wants, or your society your own your way toward your own definition of simply accepting the life that you39。s something that you and your parents can brag about, it looks good on your r233。re used to not only that, it39。t mind being in prison as long as no one else is stage a jailbreak, and everybody else freaks A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, James Joyce has Stephen Dedalus famously say, about growing up in Ireland in the late 19th century, “When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from talk to me of nationality, language, shall try to fly by those nets.” Today there are other of those nets is a term that I39。re being selfindulgent if they pursue their are all told that you39。s selfish to pursue your passion, unless it39。m asking is that you make your choices for the right I39。t shy away from the challenging parts of 39。就是這樣。她決定把我送給別人收養(yǎng)。她拒絕在最終的領(lǐng)養(yǎng)文件上簽字。而且我在這里花費(fèi)著我父母一生所有的積蓄。我會(huì)在每星期天晚上步行7英里穿過城市到HareKrishna寺廟去好好吃一頓。我發(fā)現(xiàn)這一切令人著迷。但是，當(dāng)10年后再回頭看，這一切非常，非常清楚。我很幸運(yùn)，在生命中的最初階段就找到了自己熱愛做的事情。但是，隨后我們對(duì)未來的想法就開始有了分歧。我是一個(gè)眾所周知的失敗。這一切解放了我，讓我進(jìn)入了一生中最有創(chuàng)造性的一段時(shí)間。我相當(dāng)確信，如果我沒被蘋果解雇，這一切之中的任何事情都不會(huì)發(fā)生。而做偉大的事業(yè)的唯一途徑就是熱愛你所作的一切。在我17歲的時(shí)候，我讀到一段話，大概是“如果你按照生活的每一天都好象是你生命的最后一天那樣活著，總有一天你會(huì)確信你的方向是對(duì)的。早晨7點(diǎn)半我做了掃描。也就是你的告別。我做了手術(shù)，現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)沒事了。死亡就是這樣。所以不要浪費(fèi)你自己的時(shí)間去過別人的生活。當(dāng)時(shí)是60年代末，還沒有個(gè)人電腦和桌面出版系統(tǒng)。在照片下面有一句話“保持渴望。固執(zhí)愚見。我在里德學(xué)院（Reed college）待了六個(gè)月就辦休學(xué)了。她拒絕在認(rèn)養(yǎng)文件上做最后簽字。這一點(diǎn)也不浪漫。書法的美好、歷史感與藝術(shù)感是科學(xué)所無法捕捉的，我覺得那很迷人。這種作法從來沒讓我失望，也讓我的人生整個(gè)不同起來。有幾個(gè)月，我實(shí)在不知道要干什么好。接下來五年，我開了一家叫做NeXT的公司，又開一家叫做Pixar的公司，也跟后來的老婆談起了戀愛。我確信，我愛我所做的事情，這就是這些年來讓我繼續(xù)走下去的唯一理由。當(dāng)我十七歲時(shí)，我讀到一則格言，好像是「把每一天都當(dāng)成生命中的最后一天，你就會(huì)輕松自在。醫(yī)生告訴我，那幾乎可以確定是一種不治之癥，我大概活