【正文】 we all know, smoking is harmful to one39。look at, look for, look after, take care of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)●as 的用法:(as 引導(dǎo)定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)①如為限制性的，多用于the same …as。如： He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest ，李蕾是他們中最小的一個。In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t ，很多人我不認(rèn)識。d like a room of which the window faces south.=I39。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.●which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。 that can be done has been thief had to hand out everything that he had stolen to the )先行詞既指人又指物時 spoken of the people and the things(that)he had seen )先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級所修飾時 is the most expensive meal(that)we have ever first lesson that(that)I learned as a student of chemistry is still )先行詞被the very, the only, the last, any,every修飾時 is the very book(that)I’m looking ）先行詞是疑問詞who,what,which時Who that has such a home doesn’t love that is on the table belongs to )關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語時 is no longer the country(that)it used to be.（2）只能用which的情況1）定性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子時 added too much salt to the soup, which spoiled )先行詞在從句中做介詞賓語且介詞前置時 is the house in which Lu Xun once 、as與which(1)as和which都能引導(dǎo)非限定性從句代表整個句子的內(nèi)容，as引導(dǎo)的從句可為于句首、句中或句末，而which引導(dǎo)的定語從句卻只能位于句末。高考中寫一篇英語作文，這是重視英語語法的考試方法，下面以 定語從句的教學(xué)為例談一下我的具體做法。例如：I think（that）you will like the 。例如：What you want has been sent 。s ，吸煙有害健康。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語）。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是充當(dāng)人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對）I39。 限制性和非限制性定語從句1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to ，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。Whatever you want makes no difference to ，跟我沒什么關(guān)系。What we need is more 。一、定語從句的概念及引導(dǎo)詞在（主從）復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 is known to all ,China is a developing , as is know ,is a film went to the fire ,which is still smoking.(2)as含“正如?..那樣”之意，而which則不含此意。(3)引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。如： book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語） book(which/that)I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語） factory in which his father works is far from was proud, which his brother never was.（表語） spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語） may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語。d like a room the window of which faces is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to e whose，引導(dǎo)定語從句時，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時 whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。He has a lot of storybooks, a few of which I have never ，有幾本故事書我還從未看過。There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest ，中國是最大的一個。the same as；such …as …。s health.(as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one39。ll spend in Harbin, I39。This is the house where I lived two years ，并不是單純地讓學(xué)生知道where的這種用法就可以了，很多時候?qū)W生要掌握where和其他詞的用法的區(qū)別，才能更好地把握定語從句的用法。We have reached a point where a change is 。例如：We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and you have anything to say for yourself?Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist D./ 上面兩個句子雖然先行詞相同，都是point，但是由于他們在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，所以我們在選擇關(guān)系詞時就要區(qū)別對待。t believe the reason(that/which)he gave me.（作賓語）Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success?（作主語）Ex.)He was 39。Beijing, which has been China39。 only thing that we could do was to 39。s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.⑤先行詞本身是that, 39。He saw the girl, which delighted didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very “正如”含義，常用的結(jié)構(gòu)有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）。在下列情況下,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可以省略。,且在定語從句中作原因狀語時,可以用關(guān)系副詞why或關(guān)系代詞that,也可以省略。I don39。二、在非限制性定語從句中,作賓語的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如:This is the book(which)I read yesterday and which I found very ,它很有趣。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察能力、分析概括能力以及演繹推理能力等。定語從句是學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中比較常用的語法，也是他們必須掌握的內(nèi)容。四、教學(xué)程序教學(xué)中要以了解、學(xué)習(xí)研究英語的方法為基礎(chǔ)，掌握知識為中心，培養(yǎng)能力為方向，緊抓重點(diǎn)突破難點(diǎn)，具體設(shè)計如下：新課導(dǎo)入：以創(chuàng)設(shè)問題情境導(dǎo)入新課。在講解關(guān)系代詞與介詞時，我讓學(xué)生自己歸納出它們的規(guī)律，提高學(xué)生的概括能力，從而達(dá)到復(fù)習(xí)的目的。e、當(dāng)主句已有疑問詞 who或which時，只能用that。三、關(guān)系代詞as和which的區(qū)別as和which所代表的都是整個句子所表示的內(nèi)容,但是二者有兩點(diǎn)不同之處：a、在形式上as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句可位于主句后面,也可位于主句之前；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制定語從句只能位于主句之后，不能位于主句的前面。同時，在解釋的過程中不斷穿插練習(xí)，達(dá)到鞏固復(fù)習(xí)的目的,體現(xiàn)精講精練的教學(xué)原則和我校提出的“四轉(zhuǎn)五讓”原則。三、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。（做主語）注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？ only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，：This is the same bike that I 。（作主語）Who is the teacher（whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語，可省略）注意：（1）當(dāng)定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who，that，which可省略，但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。句子分析：句中的when he was born為修飾the year的定語從句，關(guān)系副詞when在此相當(dāng)于in which。where的用法：關(guān)系副詞where在定語從句中也是用作狀語，表示地點(diǎn)，用以修飾表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞；在許多情況下也可以理解為“介詞+which”的意思(which的意思與先行詞所表示的意思等價)，其中的“介詞”通常應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞的含與搭配來確定。句子分析：句中的why we do it為修飾the reason的定語從句，關(guān)系副詞why在此相當(dāng)于for which。why是一個比較特殊的關(guān)系副詞，它引導(dǎo)定語從句時，除可換成for which外，有時也可換成that，甚至省略。表示住在某城市，英語習(xí)慣上說 live in a city，所以此處用 in which。例：I’ll never forget the day when I first met 。（2）含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。，為避免重復(fù)，只能用that 例：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰？ be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，：There is a book on the desk that belongs to 。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and 。（1）when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。關(guān)系代詞可以做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。小結(jié)最后通過小結(jié)，以表格的形式把本節(jié)課所復(fù)習(xí)的語法點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)。因此，在意思通順的情況下，which可代替as，而as許多時候不能代替which。a、當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前面有介詞時。從而，引出它們的特殊用法。講授新課：任何語言學(xué)習(xí)都離不開語言實(shí)踐。高中生的思維方式由形象思維向抽象思維過渡，因此在教學(xué)中應(yīng)注意積極引導(dǎo)學(xué)生應(yīng)用已掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識，通過理論分析和推理判斷來獲得新知識，發(fā)展抽象思維能力。教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)定語從句是本課的主要內(nèi)容，與日常英語