【正文】 為偶數(shù)。 滿足要求 叉子計算畢業(yè)設計（論文） 39 校核其水平截面AA: 39。大車運行機構傳動方案，一般分為兩類：即：分別傳動和集中傳動。在保證浮動軸有足夠長度的情況下，要盡量減小機構的尺寸。致謝畢業(yè)設計是我們大學生活中很重要的一個課題，現(xiàn)在我完成畢業(yè)設計即將完成學業(yè)、步入社會，首先要感謝孫振軍老師在畢業(yè)設計過程中的指導和幫助，感謝各位老師四年來的關心和教導。 ⑦ Environment effects。 ② Deformation。 ④ Corrosion。畢業(yè)設計（論文） 48 Strength is a measure of the ability to resist, without fails, forces which cause stresses and strains. The forces may be。畢業(yè)設計（論文） 45 參考資料[1] 《起重機課程設計 》 陳道南、盛漢中 冶金工業(yè)出版社 [2] 《起重機設計手冊 》 機械工業(yè)出版社 [3] 《起重運輸機械 》 陳道南、過玉清、周培德、盛漢中 高等學校試用教材 2022[4] 《機械零件手冊 》 周開勤 高等教育出版社 [5] 《起重機計算實例 》 陳國璋、孫桂林、金永懿、孫學偉、徐秉業(yè) 中國鐵道出版社 1985[6] 《機械設計 》 濮良貴、紀名剛 高等教育出版社 [7] 《互換性與技術測量 》 廖念釗等 中國計量出版社 畢業(yè)設計（論文） 46 Design of machine and machine elementsMachine designMachine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to acplish specific purposes. In general, a machine will consist of a bination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together, as a whole. During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading, type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials. Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken. In general, the lowest overall costs are designed. Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design, manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance. The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible. The engineer in charge of the design of a machine should not only have adequate technical training, but must be a man of sound judgment and wide experience, qualities which are usually acquired only after considerable time has been spent in actual professional work.Design of machine elements The principles of design are, of course, universal. The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument, or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment. In no ease, however, should mathematical calculations be looked upon as absolute and final. They are all subject to the accuracy of the various assumptions, which must necessarily be made in engineering work. Sometimes only a portion of the total number of parts in a machine are designed on the basis of analytic calculations. The form and size of the remaining parts are designed on the basis of analytic calculations. On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design 畢業(yè)設計（論文） 47 putations may then be made for almost all the parts. The purpose of the design calculations is, of course, to attempt to predict the stress or deformation in the part in order that it may sagely carry the loads, which will be imposed on it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests such as tension, pression, torsion, and fatigue and apply them to all the plicated and involved situations encountered in presentday machinery. In addition, it has been amply proved that such details as surface condition, fillets, notches, manufacturing tolerances, and heat treatment have a market effect on the strength and useful life of a machine part. The design and drafting departments must specify pletely all such particulars, must specify pletely all such particulars, and thus exercise the necessary close control over the finished product. As mentioned above, machine design is a vast field of engineering technology. As such, it begins with the conception of an idea and follows through the various phases of design analysis, manufacturing, marketing and consumerism. The following is a list of the major areas of consideration in the general field of machine design: ① Initial design conception。 參照以上所述，由于所設計的參數(shù)級別較大，跨度中等，故 分別驅動采用分別驅動的方案。若采用集中傳動時，對于大跨度（一般是） ，一般采用高速集中傳動方案，而對小跨度（ ）可以采用低速集中傳動方案。校核重心截面BB:軸孔d的內側拉應力最大，按厚壁筒計算： 3/)(???????dhdQ即:畢業(yè)設計（論文） 40 )250*.370(*????由于σ/325/3=，因 σ壓 σs/3故該設計滿足要求。由于該機型的起重量較大，故此采用疊片式雙溝，材料 疊片式雙鉤選用鋼，疊片式雙鉤尺寸為參照[2]表1514。他要求強度足夠，工作安全可靠，轉動靈活，不會發(fā)生突然破壞和鋼絲繩脫槽或卡在罩殼內的現(xiàn)象。繩之間有一定間隙，工作時不會彼此摩擦，可以延長鋼絲繩的使用壽命。對于小型齒輪多采用鑄造的方法制造，但考慮到齒輪的直徑較大，采用鑄造生產自重大，造成功率的浪費，故改用焊接的方法生產。 選擇連軸器（1） 機構高速軸上全齒連軸器的計算扭矩 *930/57*21???其中，φ=2，等效系數(shù)，查[1]表27可知，n1=,安全系數(shù)，查 [1]表 221可知，Mel相應于機構JC%值得電動機額定力矩折算到高速畢業(yè)設計（論文） 29 軸上的力矩，查[2]圖331可知，電動機JZR2216 的參數(shù)為：d=40mm,l=110mm,d’=40mm,l’=110mm. clz3型聯(lián)軸器查[2]表176選用clz3型連軸器，最大允許扭矩為：[M]=315kgfm,飛輪矩（GD 2） z=,重量為：Gz=.(2)低速軸的計算扭矩 kgfmiMjsjs **039。 驗算啟動條件啟動時間： ]39。（２） 強度校核最大計算輪壓為：Pjmax=K2Pmax=1*50025=50025kgf其中，K 2為沖擊系數(shù)，由[3]表52查知，K 2=1線接觸時，進行強度校核的接觸應力， 2maxmax/748 )65*10/(560/*60ckgfpj???畢業(yè)設計（論文） 25 車輪材料有65Mn，其σ dmax=80009000kgf/cm2 強度校核 則有：σ dmax[σdmax] ,強度校核滿足要求. 滿足要求 運行阻力的計算摩擦總阻力矩為： )2/)((udkGQMxvm???有[2]表可知， D700mm 車輪的軸承型號為 3634,軸承內徑和外徑的平均值d=130mm, 由[3] 表71查得滾動摩擦系數(shù)k=,由[2]72 查知軸承的摩擦系數(shù)為u=,查[2]表73知,附加阻力系數(shù)β=,則有: Mm=2*(300*103+105*103)(+*)=1053kgfm運行摩擦阻力: *153/2*)()(??? Mm=1053 kgfm當無載時, kgfudQxcm420 )*(*152)(3)(? ????畢業(yè)設計（論文） 26 選電動機電動機靜功率： mvPNxcjj *6012??其中，P j=Pm(Q=Q),滿載運行時靜功率。 ????tz=580*[*+(51*103**)/(4*) 2]/[375*(160)]=[3]表67知， [tz]=1sec， tz=故t z[tz]，滿足設計要求。有[1]附表12查得，減速器ZQ