【正文】 P——最大負荷，N； b——試樣寬度，mm。拉伸強度：δt=P/(b PC/ABS合金制備和檢測常用原料及設備表22 實驗原材料一覽表 The schedule of experimental material原材料型號生產廠家PC141R111美國GE塑料有限公司產品ABSGP22德國BASF塑料有限公司產品ABSgMAHSWJ2B沈陽四維高聚物塑膠有限公司生產EVA183VA含量為18%，北京有機化工廠產品EVA142VA含量為14%，北京有機化工廠產品EVAgMAHGPM340A寧波能之光新材料科技有限公司產品CaCO3納米級濾餅北京納諾泰克納米科技有限公司生產，%丙烯酸丁酯分析純北京益利精細化學品有限公司產品甲基丙烯酸甲酯分析純北京益利精細化學品有限公司產品苯乙烯分析純北京益利精細化學品有限公司產品過硫酸銨分析純北京化工廠產品表23 實驗設備一覽表 The schedule of experimental equipment設備名稱型號生產廠家雙螺桿擠出機TE20系列南京科亞實業(yè)有限公司產品注塑機JN88E震雄機械有限公司產品微機控制電子萬能試驗機WDTI10深圳凱強利試驗儀器有限公司產品懸臂梁沖擊試驗機XJJ5承德市金建檢測儀器制造廠產品缺口制樣機XQZ1承德市金建檢測儀器有限公司產品生化培養(yǎng)箱SPX150B上海浦東榮豐科學儀器有限公司電熱鼓風干燥箱101A2上海申光儀器儀表有限公司產品掃描電子顯微鏡STEREOSCAN250MK3英國劍橋科學儀器有限公司產品萬能塑化儀PLV151德國Brabender公司產品差示掃描量熱儀DSC821e美國Mettler Toledo公司產品攪拌砂磨分散多用機JSF400上海普申化工機械有限公司產品 PC/ABS合金力學性能的測試方法PC/ABS合金的力學性能直接關系到材料的應用價值，測定方法按照標準進行[53]。 PC/ABS合金制備工藝PC/ABS合金制備工藝流程如圖21所示：混合樹脂攪拌機雙螺桿擠出機產品抽絲冷 卻切粒機注塑制件分析測試烘 干圖21 PC/ABS合金制備和性能檢測流程圖Fig 21 The process of preparation and QC(Quality Control) for PC/ABS blend由于PC樹脂具有一定的吸水性，擠出加工前首先將PC和ABS分別在120℃和90℃下置于熱風循環(huán)干燥箱中干燥5h[51]。合金體系中的ABS分散在PC的連續(xù)相中形成?！獚u相結構。隨著綜合性能更優(yōu)良的PC/ABS合金的開發(fā)和生產，PC/ABS合金將被作為手機外殼的材料。經有機物進行表面改性的納米碳酸鈣分別添加到PC[48]和ABS[49]中，都具有較好的增韌增強效果。王國全[45]等采用納米碳酸鈣協(xié)同POE增韌PP，復合材料的缺口沖擊強度比純PP增大260%，比POE單一增韌PP效果高1倍。納米碳酸鈣填充塑料合金具有較好的效果。美國康奈爾公司研究人員采用納米粘土填充聚碳酸酯(PC)[40]，制備的高性能聚碳酸酯納米復合材料可用作手機外殼。納米顆粒填充應用在PC/ABS塑料合金中，能夠起到協(xié)同合金中分散的ABS組分提高塑料基體整體力學性能的作用。EVA的加入，能夠在一定程度上降低PC、ABS工程塑料加工時的溫度。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，PC/ABS/MBS三者的共混比為70/10/20時合金的沖擊強度遠遠高于PC的沖擊強度，同時三相合金的測試樣條呈象牙白色，質地均勻，而且手感較好。m的不規(guī)則形狀，該相內包含PB和SAN，PB為直徑50~350181。ABS中PB含量的不同，其對PC的改性效果不同。針對PC/ABS共混物性能的特定要求，采用合適的相容劑進行增容還有待于更深入的研究和探討。Tg測定結果表明，隨NPES909含量的增加，ABS和PC的Tg相互靠近的程度增加，表明增容劑的加入改善了PC、ABS的相容性。通過測定共混后PC相和SAN相分別出現(xiàn)的Tg峰，表明SAN含量的增加可以提高PC/ABS體系的相容性。唐頌超[7]研究了PE的接枝物對PC/ABS合金的增容效果。王久芬[22]研究指出由于SMA與ABS具有相似結構，因而兩者具有良好的相容性，并且活性較強的酸酐基團能在高溫及剪切場下與PC發(fā)生酯交換反應，從而降低了兩相的界面張力，使體系分散相顆粒細化，有助于提高共混物的力學性能。由于基團的極性效應，PC與PMMA部分相容，而PMMA/SAN體系在AN含量不高時也能相容，因此PMMA可以用作PC/ABS合金的相容劑。因此，選用適當橡膠含量的ABS，不但可以使共混物的沖擊強度獲得提高，而且合金的彎曲強度也會出現(xiàn)協(xié)同增強。由于PC/ABS合金的微觀結構復雜，許多學者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當作為ABS樹脂基體的SAN共聚物中丙烯腈（AN）的含量在15%~30%之間時，PC與SAN的相容性較好[13]。PC/ABS體系中ABS較均勻地分散于PC基體中（PC含量較高）形成三相體系——PC相、SAN相、PB橡膠相。目前，國內市場上銷售的PC/ABS合金包括：深圳三亞公司的A2200HFT5，廣州廣達CB822FR，北京瀚侖公司的H3070、H1010等，這些性能優(yōu)異的PC/ABS合金已經在汽車配件、電子電器外殼上大量使用。 PC/ABS合金的國內研究現(xiàn)狀我國PC/ABS合金的研究工作起步較晚，目前重點在應用開發(fā)階段。其中主要的開發(fā)公司及其牌號為：Bayer公司的Bayblend系列，GE公司的Cycoloy系列（C1200HF、C1200、C1110），美國Dow化學公司的Pulse系列，日本帝人化成公司T2000、T3000系列等[5]。 however, the relatively limited interaction between PC and ABS apparently makes it impossible in this case to produce mercially useful materials without any patibilizer. Thus, a patibilization scheme that deals with the blend morphology development of patibilized PC/ABS blends and the mechanical properties of these materials. It would be useful and perhaps would expand the mercial opportunities for PC/ABS alloys.ABSgMAH was melting blended with polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymer (ABS) using a doubleextruder, and PC/ABS posite was prepared. On the basis of the mechanism of maleic anhydride (MAH) of ABSgMAH, the patibilizing, tensile and impact property modifications of PC/ABS alloy by using MAH as reactive patibilizers were studied. Materials’ notched impact strength improves from KJ/m2 to , but also on tensile strength of PC/ABS alloy.PC/ABS/EVA posite was prepared by EVA blending with PC and ABS. The investigations of the mechanical properties showed the singlenotched impact strength of PC/ABS alloys by adding 5 shares of elastomer was markedly improved. When the elasticcore was μm and the elastomer dispersed uniformly in the resin blend the notched impact strength reached the highest KJ/m2 which increased by %. EVA dispersed in the resin, absorbed and dispersed impact stress by its shape changing, so crazing of EVA toughens PC/ABS alloys.EVAgMAH, the patibilizing and toughening, was melting blended with polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrilebutadienestyrene (ABS), and the PC/ABS/elastomer posite material was prepared. The investigations of the mechanical properties show a markedly improvement on the singlenotched impact strength of PC/ABS blends by adding elastomer. The notched impact strength of PC/ABS blends reaches the maximum , and the patibilizing is increased. EVA in the EVAgMAH dispersed in resin, absorbs and disperses impact strength by its shape changing, so toughening the PC/ABS blends with crazing and patibilizing of MAH. The torque of PC/ABS blend is improved by adding elastomer.There is no toughening effect by Nanocalcium carbonate (CaCO3) filling with PC/ABS. Nanocalcium carbonate/polymer posite particles were prepared by soapless emulsion polymerization of methylmethacrylate (PMMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) on the surface of nanoCaCO3 in nanoCaCO3 aqueous suspension. The effects of posite particles on the mechanical properties of PC/ABS blends through twice extruding in double extruders were studied. The results showed that the singlenotched impact strength of PC/ABS blends is improved from KJ/m2 to , and the tensile strength is improved by filling 2 shares of modified nanoCaCO3 particles. NanoCaCO3 posite particles have double toughening effects of inorganic nanoparticles and rubbers. Shear yielding of modified nanoCaCO3 could be the mainly toughening contribution. Toughening mechanism is that the nanoCaCO3 particle decentralises the part point tension into all round surface. The dispersion degree of CaCO3 particles in the blends is improved when filling the posite particles. The addition amount of the NanoCaCO3 posite particles was low, and the cost was acceptable, offering a good choice of the modification of PC/ABS alloy.KEY WORDS: PC/ABS alloy, reactive patibilizer, toughening, nanoCaCO3, mechanical properties