【正文】
線分為獨(dú)立輸出和公共輸出。(3)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制PLC 可以用于圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)或直線運(yùn)動(dòng)的控制。然后重新返回第一條指令,開(kāi)始下一輪新的掃描。鋼架結(jié)構(gòu)與其它建筑結(jié)構(gòu)相比,具有如下特點(diǎn):(1)可靠性高鋼材在生產(chǎn)時(shí),整個(gè)過(guò)程可嚴(yán)格控制,質(zhì)量比較穩(wěn)定,性能可靠。(4)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)制造簡(jiǎn)便,施工工期短鋼結(jié)構(gòu)一般在專(zhuān)業(yè)工廠制造,易實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化,生產(chǎn)效率和產(chǎn)品精度高,質(zhì)量易于保證,是工程結(jié)構(gòu)中工業(yè)化程度最高的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)主體采用熱制H型鋼、槽鋼、角鋼和鋼板等型材制造,具有較好的強(qiáng)度和剛度,輕巧、美觀,并可二次拆卸安裝,運(yùn)輸方便。當(dāng)動(dòng)物接近靜物時(shí),開(kāi)關(guān)的連桿驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)的接點(diǎn)引起閉合的接點(diǎn)分?jǐn)嗷蛘邤嚅_(kāi)的接點(diǎn)閉合。 PLC 的工作原理PLC 的工作方式與微型計(jì)算機(jī)相比有較大的不同。CXP 編程軟件可以實(shí)現(xiàn)梯形圖或語(yǔ)句表的編程、編譯檢查程序、程序和數(shù)據(jù)的上載及下載、設(shè)置 PLC 的設(shè)定區(qū)、對(duì) PLC 的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)或內(nèi)存數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和測(cè)試、打印程序清單、文檔管理等功能 [6]。圖 PLC 的外部接線圖 PLC 的 I/O 地址分配本系統(tǒng)由 35 個(gè)輸入和 18 個(gè)輸出組成,具體功能見(jiàn)下表。比起 C 語(yǔ)言和匯編語(yǔ)言等計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言,梯形圖語(yǔ)言邏輯性更強(qiáng),它以圖形代替一成不變的指令,讓人更容易的記住它。由于本系統(tǒng)程序復(fù)雜,為了不使文章過(guò)長(zhǎng),見(jiàn)附錄 C。如圖 所示圖 選擇電機(jī) 1(3)移動(dòng)方向的選擇選定車(chē)位之后就是選擇運(yùn)行方式。如圖 所示?!妒兰o(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)是其應(yīng)用程序的集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境。(2)方便性《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》的網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能使企業(yè)的基層和其它部門(mén)建立起聯(lián)系,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操作人員和工廠管理人員都可以看到各種數(shù)據(jù)。打開(kāi) CSMAKER,用鼠標(biāo)單擊開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)菜單欄中的“文件” ,待菜單彈出后選中“工程項(xiàng)目管理器” ,再選擇“新建” ,彈出如圖 所示對(duì)話框,鍵入一個(gè)工程名后,會(huì)彈出一個(gè)窗口詢問(wèn)是否建立新項(xiàng)目,當(dāng)選擇“是”的時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的窗口,點(diǎn)擊剛才輸入的工程名就可以進(jìn)入所新建的工程目錄下了。系統(tǒng)提供四大類(lèi)型變量:系統(tǒng)變量、內(nèi)存變量、I/O 變量和特殊變量。圖 內(nèi)部參數(shù)設(shè)定 軟件語(yǔ)言的編程在世紀(jì)星中,圖形控件的變化需要條件的觸發(fā)。動(dòng)畫(huà)連接的引入是人機(jī)接口的一次突破,它把程序員從重復(fù)的圖形編程中解放出來(lái),為程序員提供了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工業(yè)控制圖形界面,并且有可編程的命令語(yǔ)言連接來(lái)增強(qiáng)圖形界面的功能。圖 車(chē)位 7 下移如圖 所示,即車(chē)位 7 工作時(shí)的動(dòng)態(tài)畫(huà)面,系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行后,車(chē)位 7 下行。本系統(tǒng)基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了升降橫移式立體車(chē)庫(kù)的控制系統(tǒng)的控制要求并且利用世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)控。她孜孜不倦的教誨和悉心全面的教導(dǎo)在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)期間給予了我莫大的關(guān)懷與照顧,同時(shí)為我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)指出了方法,提出了很好的建議,并每周組織同組的同學(xué)一起研究。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 閏宏偉,潘宏俠 .立體停布庫(kù)在我國(guó)的發(fā)展前景綜述討論,2022 (3)[2] 摩根斯坦利 “中國(guó)汽車(chē)業(yè),2022 (3)[3] ,2022 (5)[4] ,2022 (1)[5] 郭宗仁,吳亦峰 ,2022:P512[6] 何波,:陜西科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社,:P140164[7] ,1999 (55)[8] 劉煒,張?jiān)粕?.,1998[9] 土耀斌,李世武 , ,2022年7月,31卷第三期:P98101[10] 世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件 .北京世紀(jì)佳諾科技有限公司 ,2022:P60162[11] 袁秀英.組態(tài)控制技術(shù).電子工業(yè)出版社,2022:P3238附錄 A 英文原文Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)1 About Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)PLCs (programmable logic controllers) are the control hubs for a wide variety of automated systems and processes. They contain multiple inputs and outputs that use transistors and other circuitry to simulate switches and relays to control equipment. They are programmable via software interfaced via standard puter interfaces and proprietary languages and work options. Programmable logic controllers I/O channel specifications include total number of points, number of inputs and outputs, ability to expand, and maximum number of channels. Number of points is the sum of the inputs and the outputs. PLCs may be specified by any possible bination of these values. Expandable units may be stacked or linked together to increase total control capacity. Maximum number of channels refers to the maximum total number of input and output channels in an expanded system. PLC system specifications to consider include scan time, number of instructions, data memory, and program memory. Scan time is the time required by the PLC to check the states of its inputs and outputs. Instructions are standard operations (such as math functions) available to PLC software. Data memory is the capacity for data storage. Program memory is the capacity for control software.Available inputs for programmable logic controllers include DC, AC, analog, thermocouple, RTD, frequency or pulse, transistor, and interrupt inputs. Outputs for PLCs include DC, AC, relay, analog, frequency or pulse, transistor, and triac. Programming options for PLCs include front panel, hand held, and puter. Programmable logic controllers use a variety of software programming languages for control. These include IEC 611313, sequential function chart (SFC), function block diagram (FBD), ladder diagram (LD), structured text (ST), instruction list (IL), relay ladder logic (RLL), flow chart, C, and Basic. The IEC 611313 programming environment provides support for five languages specified by the global standard: Sequential Function Chart, Function Block Diagram, Ladder Diagram, Structured Text, and Instruction List. This allows for multivendor patibility and multilanguage programming. SFC is a graphical language that provides coordination of program sequences, supporting alternative sequence selections and parallel sequences. FBD uses a broad function library to build plex procedures in a graphical format. Standard math and logic functions may be coordinated with customizable munication and interface functions. LD is a graphic language for discrete control and interlocking logic. It is pletely patible with FBD for discrete function control. ST is a text language used for plex mathematical procedures and calculations less well suited to graphical languages. IL is a lowlevel language similar to assembly code. It is used in relatively simple logic instructions. Relay Ladder Logic (RLL), or ladder diagrams, is the primary programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Ladder logic programming is a graphical representation of the program designed to look like relay logic. Flow Chart is a graphical language that describes sequential operations in a controller sequence or application. It is used to build modular, reusable function libraries. C is a high level programming language suited to handle the most plex putation, sequential, and d?;仡欉@四年來(lái)緊張而又充實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)生活,我感受頗多。但是因?yàn)闀r(shí)間有限,所以本設(shè)計(jì)難免會(huì)存在一些瑕疵,經(jīng)過(guò)最后的檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)本系統(tǒng)還存在著一些不足,主要表現(xiàn)在世紀(jì)星組態(tài)不能十分逼真的表現(xiàn)出車(chē)輛進(jìn)出車(chē)庫(kù)所有運(yùn)動(dòng)步驟、程序設(shè)計(jì)上不能自動(dòng)選擇最佳空位停車(chē)等功能。圖 車(chē)位 7 復(fù)原如圖 所示,車(chē)位 7 的存車(chē)過(guò)程與上圖相同,此圖為重新加載汽車(chē)后的歸位狀態(tài)。圖形對(duì)象可以按動(dòng)畫(huà)連接的要求改變顏色、尺寸、位置、填充百分?jǐn)?shù)等,一個(gè)圖形對(duì)象又可以同時(shí)定義多個(gè)連接。世紀(jì)星的命令語(yǔ)言是由簡(jiǎn)單的判斷語(yǔ)句構(gòu)成。系統(tǒng)變量是系統(tǒng)預(yù)先設(shè)置的變量,這些變量用戶可以直接使用。圖 建立新工程之后,就可以進(jìn)行畫(huà)面的設(shè)計(jì),首先要選擇在“新畫(huà)面” 這個(gè)任務(wù)欄中輸入要新建的畫(huà)面名稱以及畫(huà)面的尺寸大小,并選擇出所要設(shè)計(jì)的畫(huà)面的背景色及尺寸等相關(guān)選項(xiàng),然后點(diǎn)擊“確定” ,則出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)根據(jù)所選背景色及相關(guān)選項(xiàng)的所產(chǎn)生的新畫(huà)面。(3)全面性《世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件》可用于電力、通訊、制冷、化工、石油、機(jī)械制造、鋼鐵、煤炭、水泥、紡織、造紙、食品、水處理、建材、環(huán)保、智能樓宇、實(shí)驗(yàn)室、交通等多種工程領(lǐng)域。開(kāi)發(fā)系統(tǒng)具有先進(jìn)完善的圖形生成功能;數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中有多種數(shù)據(jù)類(lèi)型,對(duì)應(yīng)于控制對(duì)象的特性,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的報(bào)警、趨勢(shì)曲線、歷史數(shù)據(jù)記錄、安全防范等重要功能有簡(jiǎn)單的操作方法。 世紀(jì)星組態(tài)監(jiān)控本系統(tǒng)需要設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng),所以需要選擇一款監(jiān)控軟件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),本文選擇了世紀(jì)星組態(tài)軟件。此時(shí)按下 00003,則啟動(dòng)左運(yùn)行。(1)程序啟動(dòng)時(shí)當(dāng)啟動(dòng)時(shí),需要選擇手動(dòng)模式或者自動(dòng)模式。所以即使對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)原理與結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不夠好,學(xué)習(xí)起梯形圖語(yǔ)言也不會(huì)有太大的障礙。表 I/O 分配表之輸入表輸入 輸入00002 自動(dòng) 00203 車(chē)位傳感器 300003 上運(yùn)行選擇按鈕 00204 車(chē)位傳感器 400004 下運(yùn)行選擇按鈕 00205 車(chē)位傳感器 500005 車(chē)位 1 選擇按鈕 00