【正文】 perhaps tai chi is to China. Many countries other than India and China, also held the first World Yoga Day on June 21, after the United Nations last year agreed to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi39。s behaviors to care for eyes, basedon the timely and factual statistics the survey series of followup events will also be held in six cities, including Jinan in Shandongprovince, and Changsha in Hunan province, to educate people on how to care for eyes afterthe survey started. More and more Chinese are jogging to get and stay fit. Most joggers will run alone, but some will jog with friends or even coaches. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is one of the most popular spots. It is packed with runners in the afternoon, usually after work, and at weekends. Jogging after a whole day39。 鳴謝 這項(xiàng)工作是支持（ 2022F3078）福建省青年人才項(xiàng)目。如果它是用來支付環(huán)境的改善，這將有助于 加大道路收費(fèi)。運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)生 的 直接影響 很多 ，如大氣排 放和噪音，也間接影響通過對污染設(shè)施的位置和影響的人的影響。有些人認(rèn)為道路收費(fèi)是倒退，因?yàn)樗嗟刈?承擔(dān)較差的汽車用戶， 只需短距離行程的用戶 ， 或者是生活水平欠佳的用戶， 不管是什么 原因，別無 選擇， 只能乘車 。 由 于 道路交通排放是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，不能完全 統(tǒng)一 一個(gè)輸出。 三、環(huán)保 在中國，環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重。一些人擔(dān)心，交通擁堵收費(fèi)可能對中部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，特別是在零售方面 。邊際社會成本是由圖 1中的 MSC曲線表示。在許多危害中，交通擁堵已被視為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的障礙?？沙掷m(xù)交通的想法已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在交通運(yùn)輸部門的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念 中，可以定義如下，“可持續(xù)發(fā)展的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和出行政策是 服務(wù) 于 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，環(huán)境管理和社會公平的多重目標(biāo)，用這個(gè)目標(biāo)來優(yōu)化交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的使用，并達(dá)到 經(jīng)濟(jì)和相關(guān)的社會和環(huán)境目標(biāo)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)在不犧牲后代的能源的前提下，達(dá)到相同的目的 。交通擁堵收費(fèi)的原則與 目標(biāo)是通過對選擇在高峰擁擠時(shí)段的設(shè)施的使用實(shí)施附加收費(fèi)，以紓緩擁堵情況。本文首先回顧可持續(xù)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的概念，它應(yīng)該滿足集體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，環(huán)境保護(hù)和社會正義的目標(biāo)。 一、介紹 城市交通是一個(gè)在世界各地的大城市迫切關(guān)注的話題 。繼在 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代初和 80 年代中期挪威與新加坡實(shí)行 收費(fèi)環(huán)， 在2022 年 2 月 倫敦金融城推出了面積收費(fèi) 。本文的其余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)如下。從理論上說，個(gè)人用戶決定是否使用一個(gè)特定的道路的成本權(quán)衡他們將承擔(dān)對自己的利益。因此，邊際社會成本 可以表述為： MSC=（ N + 1）（ MPC +Δ MPC） nMPC = MPC +Δ MPC+nΔ MPC 擁擠收費(fèi)是交通需求管理的重要手段，最 初只是影響交通 出行 的決定。眾所周知，個(gè)人傾向于購買 的商店在 他們的居住地附近，因此零售企業(yè)不能輕易遷出核心區(qū)，因?yàn)樵S多人住在中心區(qū)。汽車是城市空氣和噪音污染的占主導(dǎo)地位的生產(chǎn)者，包括一氧化碳，氮氧化物和大氣飄塵。作為一個(gè)例子，一個(gè)報(bào)告估計(jì)， 10英里的路程，用 普通的 1987年 的汽車，以 55英里的速度運(yùn)行 HC排放廢氣的 重量為 1克 ，而 HC在 20英里的平均速度 下 的排放 量是 7 克，典型的 走走停停模式 。關(guān)鍵是要保持這些最低 限度，并找到那些沒有受益于交通擁堵收費(fèi)的補(bǔ)償方式。交通規(guī)劃者應(yīng)該指出，減少擁堵水平和行程速度對整個(gè)設(shè)施的增加將有利于公共交通的使用者。 作為一項(xiàng)重要的戰(zhàn)略 ， 擁擠收費(fèi)是解決交通需求管理 問題 的 重要 途徑 ，但 因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，環(huán)境保 護(hù)和社會正義的不確定影響 ， 仍收到了強(qiáng)烈的 社會和政治的反對 。 up till now, it is the most wellknown example of a large metropolitan area that has implemented congestion pricing. However, congestion pricing has not seen widespread use in practice due to theoretical and political reasons. Some potential impacts of road pricing remain unknown, and the sustainability of congestion pricing for urban development requires further study. Sustainability is normally taken as basic objectives in the assessment of transportation policy. The idea of sustainable transportation emerges from the concept of sustainable development in the transport sector and can be defined as follows， “sustainable transportation infrastructure and travel policies that serve multiple goals of economic development, environment stewardship and social equity, have the objective to optimize the use of transportation systems to achieve economic and related social and environment goals, without sacrificing the ability of future generations to achieve the same goals”. Sustainable transportation systems require a dynamic balance between the main pillars of sustainable development, economic development, environmental protection and social justice for current and future generations. In the context of sustainable transport systems, how congestion pricing can contribute to economic growth, environmental protection and social justice is examined in this paper. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. In section 2, the impacts of congestion pricing on economic development are described. Section 3 presents the contribution to environment protection, and the relationship between social justice and congestion pricing is analyzed. Some conclusions are given in section 5. 2. Economic development Traffic congestion, resulting in the increase of travel time, traffic accident, energy consumption and environment deterioration, has produced numerous economic losses. It was reported that economic loss caused by traffic congestion amounted to 40 million Yuan per year in Beijing and 1/3 of GDP in Shanghai in 2022 In many cites, traffic congestion has seen as a hindrance to economic development. Any sustainable transportation management polices should meet the goals of improving the effects of transport on economic development, and without adversely impacting the environment and the potential for further economic growth. How effective would congestion pricing strategy be in reducing congestion, lowering pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions, cutting fuel use, and reducing other adverse impacts of current transportation system? The basic economic principles of congestion pricing can be illustrated in Figure 1. Theoretically, individual users decide whether or not to use a particular road by weighing the costs they will to bear against the benefits to themselves. Total social benefits can be measure by the area under D in Figure 1. The user costs indicated on the MPC curve reflect only the costs borne by each user as new users (. “marginal” users) are added. However, the marginal user occasions additional social costs, such as air pollution and delay to other users, which he does not bear. The total costs borne by each marginal user and the social costs occasioned by him are the marginal social costs of each trip. Marginal social costs are indicated by the MSC curve in figure 1. Figure 1 Effect of congestion pricing If there are n vehicles in the transport system, and mean user cost is represented by MPC, one marginal user added will increase mean user cost to MPC+ △ the marginal social costs can be formulated as MSC = (n + 1)( MPC + ΔMPC ) ? nMPC= MPC + ΔMPC + nΔMPC Congestion pricing is an important means of transportation demand management, and initially only affects transportation decisions. Practices prove that congestion pr