【正文】 obtain an acceptable level of internal stresses in the shell (the tests gave results, for different process conditions, not superior to 50 MPa and for optimum conditions around 2 MPa). Nevertheless, such level of internal pressure is also a consequence of using as an additive Allbrite SLA, which is a stress reducer constituted by derivatives of toluenesulfonamide and by formaldehyde in aqueous solution. Such additive also favours the increase of the resistance of the shell when permitting a smaller grain. Allbrite 703 is an aqueous solution of biodegradable surfaceacting agents that has been utilized to reduce the risk of pitting. Nickel chloride, in spite of being harmful for the internal stresses, is added to enhance the conductivity of the solution and to 天津科技大學(xué)外文資料翻譯 18 favour the uniformity in the metallic distribution in the cathode. The boric acid acts as a pH buffer. The equipment used to manufacture the nickel shells tested has been as follows: ? Polypropylene tank: 600 mm 400 mm 500 mm in size. ? Three teflon resistors, each one with 800 W. ? Mechanical stirring system of the cathode. ? System for recirculation and filtration of the bath formed by a pump and a polypropylene filter. ? Charging rectifier. Maximum intensity in continuous 50 A and continuous current voltage between 0 and 16 V. ? Titanium basket with nickel anodes (Inco SRounds Electrolytic Nickel) with a purity of 99%. ? Gases aspiration system. Once the bath has been defined, the operative parameters that have been altered for testing different conditions of the process have been the current density (between 1 and 22 A/dm2), the temperature (between 35 and 55 176。mica Anal237。 參考資料 [1] . Rennie, . Bocking and . Ben, Electroforming of rapid prototyping mandrels for electro discharge machining electrodes, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 110 (2020), pp. 186– 196. [2] . Yarlagadda, . Ilyas and P. Chrstodoulou, Development of rapid tooling for sheet metal drawing using nickel electroforming and stereo lithography processes, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 111 (2020), pp. 286– 294. [3] J. Hart, A. Watson, Electroforming: A largely unrecognised but expanding vital industry, Interfinish 96, 14 World Congress, Birmingham, UK, 1996. [4] M. Monz243。 在這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)中，脫模系統(tǒng)只有推桿固定板、澆口套和推板。 材料或熔融塑料在同一溫度同一壓力下同時(shí)被送到個(gè)模腔對(duì)于流道設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的一點(diǎn) 。澆口是位于流道和產(chǎn)品之間的。這使模具的最大尺寸 為 250mm，可采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模具基體。然而在分析光彈注入標(biāo)本（圖 7）有人注意到不同的國(guó)家之間張力存在兩種不同的類(lèi)型的標(biāo)本，是由于不同的模腔熱傳遞和剛度。 A 鋼測(cè)試控制使用側(cè)固定和其他自由度固定（ 160 毫米長(zhǎng)， 毫米寬， 毫米厚）。它不能仍然要注意四舍五 入結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，在表面 可以看到細(xì)線(xiàn)表面頭部的機(jī)器。 4 獲得硬度 測(cè)試電殼硬度 一直保持 在 很高并且很穩(wěn)定的程度 。對(duì)于翹曲的控制可以通過(guò)控制很多因素，例如注射時(shí)間、注射溫度和溶料溫度。這個(gè)溫差會(huì)造成材料的 不均勻收縮從而產(chǎn)生熱應(yīng)力。 需要注塑成型的塑料產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)和制造與預(yù)期性能是要靠經(jīng)驗(yàn)控制的一個(gè)昂貴的過(guò)程，包括實(shí) 際對(duì)封面壓花的修改。注塑注射成型工藝也以利用 低成本制作出各種各樣的形狀及復(fù)雜的幾何圖案著稱(chēng) [2]。一旦指定要使用的材料和模具，零件 質(zhì)量主要取決于成型工藝。其應(yīng)用 不僅在更加廣闊而且生產(chǎn)也不斷增多 。 天津科技大學(xué)本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文資料翻譯 學(xué) 院 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 專(zhuān) 業(yè) 模具設(shè)計(jì)制造及自動(dòng)化 姓 名 牛春明 學(xué) 號(hào) 08013111 天津科技大學(xué)外文資料翻譯 2 關(guān)于 電鑄鎳殼在注塑模具 中 應(yīng)用的技術(shù)研究 —— Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica, Spain 摘 要 本文將對(duì)如何使用電芯作為重要核心問(wèn)題對(duì)有關(guān)注塑模具進(jìn)行分析總結(jié) 。 本文包括的研究路線(xiàn)廣泛 ,在 這些研究 路線(xiàn)中我們可以嘗試去 學(xué)習(xí)，定義，分析，測(cè)試，提出在工業(yè)水平方面的可行性，從核心的注塑模具制造獲取電鑄 鎳殼，同時(shí)作為一個(gè)初始模型的原型在一個(gè) FDM 設(shè)備上的快速成型。成型過(guò)程是相當(dāng)復(fù)雜涉及許多工藝參數(shù)如壓力，溫度和時(shí)間設(shè)置的變量。 注塑注射成型工藝是一個(gè)循環(huán)過(guò)程。在模具設(shè)計(jì)之中，設(shè)計(jì)模具具體補(bǔ)充幾何，通常在核心邊，包括相當(dāng)復(fù)雜的 投射和凹槽 [5]。強(qiáng)熱應(yīng)力會(huì)引起翹曲問(wèn)題。 經(jīng)過(guò)這些修整之后，模具可以生產(chǎn)出低成本高質(zhì)量的翹曲試樣，這些試樣需要經(jīng)過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的拋光處理。如圖 2，可以看到：電流密度值 到 22A/dm，硬度 值介于 540 到 580 高壓， PH 值為 4+ 和溫度為45 攝氏度，如果 PH減少到 和溫度為 55 攝氏度，硬度為 520 以上，高壓低于 ，允許其經(jīng)營(yíng)更加廣泛，然而，這種 operatyivity 將是一定的取決于其他因素，如內(nèi)部壓力，因?yàn)樗赡?的變異 比如 ph 值，電流密度和溫度 。這些西 將作為參考信息解決鎳的重復(fù)性問(wèn)題。在圖 4 系列 2，經(jīng)過(guò)第二次，可以看到一條線(xiàn)的流道的方式與以前的相比不太清楚。金屬沉積只有在控制了機(jī)械拉伸力（拉深或壓應(yīng)力），才能計(jì)算內(nèi)部壓力。這種差異解釋了柔性的變化更加突出的部分晶體材 料，如聚乙烯和聚酰胺 6. 有人注意到一個(gè)較低的柔性標(biāo)本在的高密度聚乙烯分析測(cè)試管在鎳核心的情 況下，量化 30%左右。并在模具基體的右上角和左下角用卡釘固定在壓板上。澆口的底部被設(shè)計(jì)成只有 厚并有 20176。 基于這點(diǎn)，模腔的布局一般都是對(duì)稱(chēng)的。交口套的位于公模的中心，它的作用不僅是將產(chǎn)品固定在合適位置，在開(kāi)模是還起到將產(chǎn)品拉出模腔的作用。n et al., Aplicaci243。tica, McGraw Hill (1989). [6] E. Julve, Electrodeposici243。C) and the pH, partially modifying the bath position. 4. Obtained hardness One of the most interesting conclusions obtained during the tests has been that the level of hardness of the different electroformed shells has remained at rather high and stable values. In Fig. 2, it can be observed the way in which for current density values between and 22 A/dm2, the hardness values range from 540 and 580 HV, at pH 4 177。C) Current density (A/dm2) 1 177。 45 3 177。C. If the pH of the bath is reduced at and the temperature is 55 176。s mold 天津科技大學(xué)外文資料翻譯 13 industry before entering the fast lane. In recent years, not only stateowned mold panies has made significant progress, foreignfunded enterprises, township (individual) mold the development of enterprises is also quite techniques of rapid prototyping and rapid tooling have been widely developed during the last years. In this article, electroforming as a procedure to make cores for plastics injection molds is analysed. Shells are obtained from models manufactured through rapid prototyping using the FDM system. The main objective is to analyze the mechanical features of electroformed nickel shells, studying different aspects related to their metallographic structure, hardness, internal stresses and possible failures, by relating these features to the parameters of production of the shells with an electroforming equipment. Finally a core was tested in an injection mold. Keywords: Electroplating。n r225。模腔里的推桿反而有可能在脫模的時(shí)候在零件上推出破孔。公模板和母模板的配合表面有很高的加工精度以防止注塑時(shí)泄露的發(fā)生。澆口的另一頭也就是溶融塑料注入的一側(cè)則有 4mm寬 。 根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模具提 供的尺寸，公模板的寬和高分別為 200mm和 250mm。 先，模具的設(shè)計(jì)基于選天津科技大學(xué)外文資料翻譯 10 用的注塑機(jī)的壓板尺寸。在所有測(cè)試情況下，一個(gè)能夠接受的應(yīng)用程序在內(nèi)部壓力在 50 兆帕的極端條件下和 2 兆