【正文】 種結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)力減速器（ ALLbriteSLA)。金屬沉積只有在控制了機械拉伸力（拉深或壓應(yīng)力），才能計算內(nèi)部壓力。 7 校驗 注塑模具 試驗已進行 了 各種代表性熱塑性材料如聚丙烯、高密度聚乙烯和 PC、 并進行了注射部件性能的分析，如尺寸，重量，阻力，剛度和柔性。這種差異解釋了柔性的變化更加突出的部分晶體材 料，如聚乙烯和聚酰胺 6. 有人注意到一個較低的柔性標本在的高密度聚乙烯分析測試管在鎳核心的情 況下，量化 30%左右。這里用的注塑機的兩系桿距離為 254mm。并在模具基體的右上角和左下角用卡釘固定在壓板上。所以，在產(chǎn)品的表面只會留下一條分型線的痕跡。澆口的底部被設(shè)計成只有 厚并有 20176。但是，這種形式的流道與圓形流道相比有更多的熱量損失和廢料。 基于這點，模腔的布局一般都是對稱的。 合適起氣孔設(shè)計可以使空氣釋放出來不會出現(xiàn)零件不 完整的現(xiàn)象。交口套的位于公模的中心，它的作用不僅是將產(chǎn)品固定在合適位置，在開模是還起到將產(chǎn)品拉出模腔的作用。 8 結(jié)論 天津科技大學外文資料翻譯 11 經(jīng)過連續(xù)的測試 ，注塑模具在不同條件下檢查的氨基磺酸鎳液使用添加劑。n et al., Aplicaci243。n, Revista de Pl225。tica, McGraw Hill (1989). [6] E. Julve, Electrodeposici243。 Microstructure。C) and the pH, partially modifying the bath position. 4. Obtained hardness One of the most interesting conclusions obtained during the tests has been that the level of hardness of the different electroformed shells has remained at rather high and stable values. In Fig. 2, it can be observed the way in which for current density values between and 22 A/dm2, the hardness values range from 540 and 580 HV, at pH 4 177。 nevertheless, such operativity will be limited depending on other factors, such as internal stress because 天津科技大學外文資料翻譯 19 its variability may condition the work at certain values of pH, current density or temperature. On the other hand, the hardness of a conventional sulfamate bath is between 200–250 HV, much lower than the one obtained in the tests. It is necessary to take into account that, for an injection mold, the hardness is acceptable starting from 300 HV. Among the most usual materials for injection molds it is possible to find steel for improvement (290 HV), steel for integral hardening (520–595 HV), casehardened steel (760–800 HV), etc., in such a way that it can be observed that the hardness levels of the nickel shells would be within the medium–high range of the materials for injection molds. The objection to the low ductility of the shell is pensated in such a way with the epoxy resin filling that would follow it because this is the one responsible for holding inwardly the pressure charges of the processes of plastics injection。C) Current density (A/dm2) 1 177。 45 Fig. 3 illustrates the surface of a sample of the series after the first etch. It shows the roads originated by the FDM machine, that is to say that there is a good reproducibility. It cannot be still noticed the rounded grain structure. In Fig. 4, series 2, after a second etch, it can be observed a line of the road in a way less clear than in the previous case. In Fig. 5, series 3 and 2176。 45 3 177。 , T = 45 176。C. If the pH of the bath is reduced at and the temperature is 55 176。 the technological advances in the productive systems are going to permit that bination to be more efficient and feasible in a way that, for example, if it is observed the evolution of the systems and techniques of plastics injection, we arrive at the conclusion that, in fact, it takes less and less time to put a new product on the market and with higher levels of quality. The manufacturing technology of rapid tooling is, in this field, one of those technological advances that makes possible the improvements in the processes of designing and manufacturing injected parts. Rapid tooling techniques are basically posed of a collection of procedures that are going to allow us to obtain a mold of plastic parts, in small or medium series, in a short period of time and with acceptable accuracy levels. Their application is not only included in the field of making plastic injected pieces [1], [2] and [3], however, it is true that it is where they have developed more and where they find the highest output. 天津科技大學外文資料翻譯 14 This paper is included within a wider research line where it attempts to study, define, analyze, test and propose, at an industrial level, the possibility of creating cores for injection molds starting from obtaining electroformed nickel shells, taking as an initial model a prototype made in a FDM rapid prototyping equipment. It also would have to say beforehand that the electroforming technique is not something new because its applications in the industry are countless [3], but this research work has tried to investigate to what extent and under which parameters the use of this technique in the production of rapid molds is technically feasible. All made in an accurate and systematized way of use and proposing a working method. 2. Manufacturing process of an injection mold The core is formed by a thin nickel shell that is obtained through the electroforming process, and that is filled with an epoxic resin with metallic charge during the integration in the core plate [4] This mold (Fig. 1) permits the direct manufacturing by injection of a type a multiple use specimen, as they are defined by the UNEEN ISO 3167 standard. The purpose of this specimen is to determine the mechanical properties of a collection of materials representative industry, injected in these tools and its coMParison with the properties obtained by conventional tools. Fig. 1. Manufactured injection mold with electroformed core. 天津科技大學外文資料翻譯 15 The stages to obtain a core [4], according to the methodology researched in this work, are the following: (a) Design in CAD system of the desired object. (b) Model manufacturing in a rapid prototyping equipment (FDM system). The material used will be an ABS plastic. (c) Manufacturing of a nickel electroformed shell starting from the previous model that has been coated with a conductive paint beforehand (it must have electrical conductivity). (d) Removal of the shell from the model. (e) Production of the core by filling the back of the shell with epoxy resin resistant to high temperatures and with the refrigerating ducts made with copper tubes. The inject