【正文】 ebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets $2 Indebtedness per $1 Billion in Assets 3 1/2 Months per Century 2 1/2 Days per Century 30 Minutes per Century 6 Seconds per Century 6? is Several Orders of Magnitude Better Than 3?!!! Sigma: A Measure of Quality 6?的品質(zhì)水準 ? DPPM , Cp=2 中心值 177。t know much about it) ，就無法控制它 (If we don39。 = 0? Cpk 1 (?? 0? 3? = Cpk = OffTarget Penalty Target 3? 181。?偏移 ??和 ?已知 ?缺點乃隨意分佈，且不同零件製程相互獨立 品質(zhì)改善的流程 ? 1. 定義產(chǎn)品或服務(wù) ? 2. 鑑定顧客及其需求 ? 3. 列出滿足顧客需求所需之條件 ? 4. 定義 (規(guī)劃 )流程 ? 5. 防範流程錯誤並消除浪費 ? 6. 確保持續(xù)改善 廣義解釋 流程改善 (改造 )/設(shè)計 SixSigma 如何創(chuàng)造不一樣局面 ? ? 願景 (Vision) ? 哲學 (Philosophy) ? 積極目標 (Aggressive goal) ? 量化指標 (Metric, standard of measurement) ? 方法 (Method) ? 工具用於 : – 顧客焦點 (Customer focus) – 突破性改善 (Breakthrough improvement) – 持續(xù)改善 (Continuous improvement) – 人員參與 (People Involvement) SixSigma 願景 ?SixSigma 的 願景是將我們所做的每一件事 , 透過達成 SixSigma水準的表現(xiàn) , 交付世界級品質(zhì)產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)以取悅客戶 . SixSigma 哲學 ?SixSigma 哲學是應用結(jié)構(gòu)化 、 系統(tǒng)化觀點於我們事業(yè)各嶺域達成突破性改善 ?推行 6Sigma 之必要條件 ?重點攻擊 ?與變格管理相聯(lián)接 ?依核心流程 (非功能 ) 組織 黑帶或碩士級黑帶 ? 儘量聯(lián)接與事業(yè)相關(guān)重點 , 共同與言 … ?追求即早勝利 (大且易見 ) ?支持基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) /追溯系統(tǒng) ?改變衡量系統(tǒng)以更有效推動專案行動 ? 選擇與工作直接相關(guān)專案 ? 高層參與 克服障礙 品質(zhì)改善的流程 ? 1. 定義產(chǎn)品或服務(wù) ? 2. 鑑定顧客及其需求 ? 3. 列出滿足顧客需求所需之條件 ? 4. 定義 (規(guī)劃 )流程 ? 5. 防範流程錯誤並消除浪費 ? 6. 確保持續(xù)改善 SixSigma 整合改善 、 設(shè)計與績效管理方法論 SixSigma 所使用的三個主要 方法論 : 流程改善(DMAIC)、 流程設(shè)計與再設(shè)計 (DFSS)與績效管理 DMAIC用以改善現(xiàn)有流程 、產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、設(shè)計等等 DFSS用以產(chǎn)生新的流程 、產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)、設(shè)計等等 績效管理是一個系統(tǒng)用以將策略連接戰(zhàn)術(shù) 、 設(shè)定優(yōu)先順序 、資源整合 持續(xù)達成 DMAIC與DFSS目標 流程改善 方法論 流程設(shè)計與再 設(shè)計方法論 績效管理 方法論 產(chǎn)品變異的來源 ? 設(shè)計 ? 製程 ?材料元件 不適當?shù)脑O(shè)計允差 製程管制不當 零件材料不穩(wěn)定 6? 品質(zhì)方案的架構(gòu) ? Total Customer Satisfaction 縮短作業(yè)週期 參與式管理 Empowerment 標竿研究 .... .... 6? Quality Program ?? ?, Cp, Cpk, Dpu QUALITY METRICS IMPROVEMENT PROCESS Identify product or services Identify customer requirements Identify your needs Define the process Mistakeproof the process and eliminate wasted effort Ensure continuous improvement TOOLS FOR SIX SIGMA Design to standard parts/materials Design to standard processes Design for assembly Part standardization Supplier SPC Process standardization Statistical process control ......and more 5 階段問題分析解決流程 (DMAIC) 提高目標 另一 主題 第一階段 第二階段 第三階段 第四階段 第五階段 管 制 (Control) 改 善 (Improve) 分 析 (Analyze) 衡 量 (Measure) 定 義 (Define) ?選擇專案 ?成立專案小組 ?確認 CTQs Y ?定義衡量指標 ($ ?) ?衡量系統(tǒng)驗證 ?定義不良 ?基準線 ?設(shè)定目標 ?確認 X ?重點少數(shù) x’s ?效果測試 (Pilot Soln) Y = f(x) ?確認效果 持續(xù)性 So...What is Six Sigma? ? A Measurement System ? A ProblemSolving Approach ? A Disciplined Change Process “ THE SIX SIGMA BREAKTHROUGH STRATEGY” Measure Analyze Improve Control Define Measure Analyze Improve Control DMAIC Project Selection Team Formation Identify CTQs Y Define Specs Validate Measurement System Define Defects Baseline Set Goals Identify x’s Find and Confirm vital few x’s Pilot Soln Y = f(x) Ensure Solution is Sustainable Key Customer Opportunity to grow or threat of loss Is the customer telling us when the issue is? Six Sigma Project Identified DefineScope it MeasureHow are we doing ImproveImplement ControlMake sure it sticks Problem has quick fix? Fix it! AnalyzeRoot Cause Preliminary look at how we think we are doing Set up customer meeting Define/Refine CTQ’s What’s important to them? How are we doing on these CTQ’s How can we improve? Six Sigma Is A Growth Tool YES YES NO NO D M A I C Customer Improvement Continuous Growth DMAIC Define Measure Analyze Improve Control ?Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables ?Measure the process to determine current performance ?Analyze and determine the root cause(s) of the defects ?Improve the process by eliminating defects ?Control future process performance DMADV Define Measure Analyze Design Verify ?Define the project goals and customer (internal and external) deliverables ?Measure and determine customer needs and specifications ?Analyze the process options to meet the customer needs ?Design (detailed) the process to meet the customer needs ?Verify the design performance and ability to meet customer needs SixSigma 架構(gòu) MOA (Market Opportunity Analysis) 事業(yè)策略展開 Business Strategy Deployment 推行組織 (Implementing Organization) 跨功能團對合作 Crossfunctional Teaming 確認關(guān)鑑業(yè)務(wù)流程 Identifying Critical Business Processes 專案選擇與審查 (Project Selection Charting) 專案管理 (Project Management) DFSS Flow (Design for SixSigma) DMAIC Flow ?意識 (Awareness) ?統(tǒng)計工具 (Statistical Tools) ?管理工具 (Management Tools) ?推廣 (Promotion) 6Sigma 基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu) 市場機會分析 Structure Quality Council ? Members: Labs Functions ? “Pipeline” BB Project Priorities ? Training Certification ? Measurements Rewards ? Communications Champions ? Leadership: Overall Initiative ? Project Funding ? HR: Training Rewards Black Belts ? Lead 6? Project Teams ? “Measure/Analyze” ? “Improve/Control” ? Out with Businesses ? Here at CRD Master Black Belts ? Teach 6? ? Mentor Black Belts ? Monitor BB Projects ? Work “Pipeline” Projects ? A Resource Pool Team Members ? Learn/Use 6? Tools ? Work on BB Projects ? Part of The Job ? Out with Businesses 6? Projects with the GE Businesses ? Champions or Leaders are those senior managers who will ensure that resources are available for training and projects, and who will be involved in project reviews. Champion Ro