【正文】
that同源,有那(這)個(gè)的意思,但較弱,可以和一個(gè)名詞連用,來(lái)表示某個(gè)或某些特定的人或東西。5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí),及形容詞only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second ?我住在二層。3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞;Failure is the mother of 。6)在稱(chēng)呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞;The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。 冠詞位置 1) 不定冠詞位置不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)前。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。 I like 。 This is she. 我就是瑪麗。她餓了。物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。s yours. It39。Please sit 。You should be proud of 。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨(dú)立的。t say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。(those指人)[來(lái)源:學(xué)amp。)說(shuō)明3:疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)What are you looking for?你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))說(shuō)明4:疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,例如:I can39。(whose 指物,在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))He came back for the book which he had 。2) 不定代詞的功能與用法[來(lái)源:學(xué)*科*網(wǎng)Z*X*X*K] 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞。a. both 與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用。t sing,neither (can) he. neither 與nor ,則主句用neither,而不用 nor。但如做表語(yǔ),則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語(yǔ)一致。Would you like句式中,表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議,如:Would you like some coffee?,如:If you need some help,let me know.c. some位于主語(yǔ)部分,Some students haven39。如果替代的名詞時(shí)無(wú)形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不 用ones。t find my hat. I don39。the的妙用 He is one of the students who help me.He is the one of the students who helps me.他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。 Did any one call me up just now?剛才有人打電話(huà)給我嗎? No 。5)every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒(méi)有。Neither of the two boys is 。I don39。 How many people are there at the meeting? How much time has we left? Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.few, little, a few,...(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點(diǎn)few / little為否定含義,沒(méi)有多少了。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類(lèi),其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。這類(lèi)形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。There is little time 。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。There are flowers on both sides of the street.(兩岸)There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的兩邊)路邊長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了野花。both, either, neither,... 這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。2)every 指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 (含兩個(gè))。... 1.a(chǎn)nyone 和 any one anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。 2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用the other。t find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。四、any 一些1)any 多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。(= a certain)You will be sorry for this some day.總有一天,你會(huì)后悔這件事的。He can39。b. 作定語(yǔ)與單數(shù)名詞連用,但neither… nor 用作并列連詞,可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。All goes 。He39。它代表先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分,例如:The girl to whom I spoke is my 。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):指人: who, whom, whose指物: what既可指人又可指物: which2) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。(this作限定詞)(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this.(this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)(對(duì))I bought 。指示代詞 1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:?jiǎn)螖?shù)復(fù)數(shù)限定詞:This girl is men are myteachers.代詞:This is Mary. Those are myteachers.2) 指示代詞的句法功能;a. 作主語(yǔ)This is the way to do it.這事兒就該這樣做。b. 可作介詞賓語(yǔ);Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each 、雞鳴、蛙兒對(duì)唱。如:No one but myself (me) is hurt.注意: a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。如:a friend of mine.each brother of his.反身代詞 1) 列表 Iyouyoushehemyselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfwetheyitoneourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself2)做賓語(yǔ)a. 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞 absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last 。s.His cap 意為 The cap is his.2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能a. 作主語(yǔ),例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí), It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。(主格主格)They took me to be 。 但如果比較狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保留,則主語(yǔ)只能用主格。(me作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= It39。 c. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級(jí)+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。 當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。 He raises a black and a white 。網(wǎng)Z。6)與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個(gè)群體:They are the teachers of this )They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)7)表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前:She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。我去過(guò)那幢房子。a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en]。s and Mary39。s的名詞,都可以用名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s,也要加39。1) 用復(fù)數(shù)作定語(yǔ)。 (不可數(shù))These cakes are 。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來(lái)的。2)單復(fù)同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。普通名詞又可分為下面四類(lèi):1) 個(gè)體名詞(Individual Nouns):表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體,如:gun。t +主語(yǔ)或 usedn39。t it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 20)must在表推測(cè)時(shí),根據(jù)其推測(cè)的情況來(lái)確定反意疑問(wèn)句。Don39。I don39。t they?What a smell, isn39。d like to go with me, wouldn39。d better read it by yourself, hadn39。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don39。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (開(kāi)花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑問(wèn)句,陳述部分是肯定的,疑問(wèn)部分用shouldn39。 It is /was +時(shí)間+ since…其中is has beenwas had been. 用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句還有一種類(lèi)型,就是用助動(dòng)詞do (did,does) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是人,且為句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),才用 who,其余用that。只有A,符合句型What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞。s not talk of that matter.Let us not talk of that matter. 感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu) 感嘆句通常有what, how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜 悅、等感情。 Take this seat.Do be careful.否定結(jié)構(gòu):Don39。3) 復(fù)合句(Complex Sentences):包含一個(gè)主句從句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句,從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句 從句我們到達(dá)電影院的時(shí)候,電影已經(jīng)開(kāi)演了。(說(shuō)明事實(shí))The film is rather 。(說(shuō)明看法)2) 疑問(wèn)句(Interrogative Sentences):提出問(wèn)題。(三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英語(yǔ)中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來(lái)的:1)主 + 動(dòng)(SV)例如:I 。t move.Don39。what修飾名詞,how 修飾形容詞,副詞或動(dòng)詞,感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感嘆句的重點(diǎn)。3) _____ I had! You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time:1:What + n.+主謂部分 2:How + adj. / adv. / v.+主謂部分。原句:My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ): It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ): It was the experiment that my father did