【正文】 eater willingness in the Unites States to use Incoterm rules in domestic trade rather than the former Uniform Commercial Code shipment and delivery 傳統(tǒng)的 Incoterms 規(guī)則只在國際銷售合同中運用，此種交易貨物運輸都需跨越國界。 of the 11 Incoterms? The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes： RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPOTR EXW EX WORKS FCA FREE CARRIER CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP FOB FREE ON BOARD CFR COST AND FREIGHT CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT 2..Incoterms?2010 中 11 種貿(mào)易術(shù)語的分類Incoterms?2010 11 種貿(mào)易術(shù)語目前被分為兩類： 適用于任何運輸方式的術(shù)語： EXW 工廠交貨 FCA 貨交承運人 CPT 運費付至 CIP 運費及保險費付至 DAT 目的地交貨 DAP 所在地交貨 DDP 完稅后交貨 適用于海上和內(nèi)陸水上運輸?shù)男g(shù)語： FAS 船邊交貨 FOB 船上交貨 CFR 成本加運費 CIF 成本、保險費加運費The first class includes the seven Incoterms? 2010 rules that can be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and irrespective of whether one or more than one mode of transport is , FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belong to this can be used even when there is no maritime transport at is important to remember, however, that these rules can be used in cases where a ship is used for part of the the second class of Incoterms? 2010 rules, the point of delivery and the place to which the goods are carried to the buyer are both ports, hence the label “sea and inland waterway” , FOB, CFR and CIF belong to this the last three Incoterms rules, all mention of the ship’s rail as the point of delivery has been omitted in preference for the goods being delivered when they are “on board” the more closely reflects modern mercial reality and avoids the rather dated image of the risk swinging to and fro across an imaginary perpendicular 。貿(mào)易術(shù)語的數(shù)量從原來的 13 個減少到 11 個。以下精準(zhǔn)描述就是一個很好的例子： Incoterms 2010，F(xiàn)CA 規(guī)則，法國，巴黎，38 Cours Albert 1er 在 Incoterms 規(guī)則下： EXW 工廠交貨（……指定地點）FCA 貨交承運人(……指定地點)” DAT 終點站交貨(……指定目的地)DAP 地點交貨(……指定目的地)DDP 完稅后交貨(……指定目的地)Free Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on Board(FOB),the named place is the place where delivery takes place and where risk passes from the seller to the the Incoterms rule Carriage Paid to(CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and Freight(CFR)and Cost ,Insurance and Freight(CIF),the named place differs from the place of these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place of destination to which carriage is as to place or destination can helpfully be further specified by stating a precise point in that place or destination in order to avoid doubt or that Incoterms rules do not give you a plete contract of sale Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract has the obligation to make carriage or insurance arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the buyer, and which costs each party is responsible 船邊交貨(……指定裝運港)FOB 船上交貨(……指定裝運港)此處所指地點為交貨地點，同時風(fēng)險也從賣方轉(zhuǎn)移至買方 Incoterms 規(guī)則下 CPT 運費付至（……指定目的地）CIP 運費、保險費付至(…指定目的地)CFR 成本加運費(……指定目的港)CIF 成本、保險費 加運費(指定目的港)所指地點隨交貨地不同而不同。國際商會的商法和實踐委員會成員來自世界各地和多個貿(mào)易部門，該委員會廣泛的專業(yè)技能確保了國際貿(mào) 易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 與各地的商貿(mào)需求相適應(yīng)。在貿(mào)易合同 中引用國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 可明確界定各方義務(wù)并降低法律糾紛產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險。 .= errors and omissions excepted 錯誤或遺漏不在此限ETA = estimated time of arrival 預(yù)定到達日期ex.= example,executive,exchange,extract 例子,執(zhí)行官,外匯交換,摘要Exp.= Export 出口常用詞縮寫(F).=fair average quality 良好平均品質(zhì).=free alongside ship 船邊交貨價.=foreign bill of exchange 國外匯票.=full container load 整個集裝箱裝滿 discharge 卸貨船方不負責(zé)F.amp。折扣DLT = Day Letter Telegram 書信電D/N = debit note 借方通知D/O = delivery order 卸貨通知書D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付單據(jù)Dr.= debit debter 借方,債務(wù)人d/s.= days’ sight 見票后……日付款DV = Dividends 股利Eea.= each 每,各 .= error excepted 錯誤除外 E/B = ExportImport Bank 進出口銀行(美國)enc.,encl.= enclosure 附件E.amp。國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則，國際商會規(guī)則在國內(nèi)和國際貿(mào)易用語的使用促進了全球貿(mào)易的進行。國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010 同時也是第一個使得所有在買賣雙方中的適用保持中立的第一個國際 貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋版本。地點或港口名稱越精準(zhǔn)，Inconterms 規(guī)則越有效。Main features of the Incoterm?2010 rules new Incoterms rules — DAT and DAP— have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and DDU The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced from 13 to has been achieved by substituting two rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed mode of transport — DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and DAP, Delivered at Place — for the incoterms 2000 rules DAF,DES,DEQ and ?2010 的主要特征，即 DAT 和 DAP 代替了原來 Incoterms2000 的 DAF,DES,DEQ 和 DDU 術(shù)語。這兩個新的術(shù)語，和先前 的幾個術(shù)語一樣，是由賣方承擔(dān)所有費用（除了與進口清算有關(guān)的費用）和貨物到達目的地前的風(fēng)險。這更準(zhǔn)確的反應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代商業(yè)現(xiàn)實，避了以往風(fēng)險圍繞船舷這條虛擬垂線來回搖擺。 NotesBefore each Incoterms? 2010 rule you will find a Guidance Guidance Notes explain the fundamentals of each Incoterms rule, such as when it should be used, when risk passes, and how costs are allocated between seller and Guidance Notes are not part of the actual Incoterms? 2010 rules, but are intended to help the user accurately and efficiently steer towards the appropriate Incoterms rule for a particular ．引言在 Incoterms?2010 的每條規(guī)則前面，都有一條引言。這些條 款已經(jīng)從更為普通的國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語 2000 中 A10/B10 的文章中刪除。 salesIn the sale of modities, as opposed to the sale of manufactured goods, cargo is frequently sold several times during transit “down a string” when this happens, a seller in the middle of the string don’t have to ship the goods because these have already been shipped by the first seller in the seller in the middle of the string therefore performs its obligations towards its buyer not by shipping the goods, but by “procuring” goods that have been clarification purposes, Incoterms? 2010 rules include the obligation to “procure goods shipped” as an alternative to the obligation to ship goods in the relevant Incoterms 與工業(yè)制成品的銷售不同，在農(nóng)礦產(chǎn)品的銷售中，貨物經(jīng)常在沿銷售鏈運轉(zhuǎn)過程中被頻繁銷售多次。Status of this introductionThis introduction gives general information on the use and interpretation of the Incoterms 2010 rules, but does not form part of those 本導(dǎo)言只是對《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010》的用途和解釋的概括提示，并不是這些的組成部分。但是，在《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 2010》中，交貨用 來表明在貨物由賣方向買方轉(zhuǎn)移的過程中毀損風(fēng)險在何處轉(zhuǎn)移。Incoterms2010 中并不涉 及集裝箱內(nèi)貨物的理倉義務(wù)，當(dāng)事人