【正文】 王延耀，張巖，尚書旗，等．氣爆式花生脫殼性能的試驗(yàn)研究[J]．農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)，1998，14(1)[7] 王智才．我國(guó)農(nóng)機(jī)市場(chǎng)需求及發(fā)展前景[J]．農(nóng)機(jī)質(zhì)量與監(jiān)督，2002，(5)[8] 石一兵 食品機(jī)械與設(shè)備[M] 北京：中國(guó)商業(yè)出版社 [9] 肖旭霖 食品機(jī)械與設(shè)備[M] 北京：科學(xué)出版社，2006[10] 中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社第一編輯室 中國(guó)食品工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)匯編[M] 北京：中國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社，2004[11] 唐增寶，何永然，劉安俊 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)[M] 武漢：華中理工大學(xué)出版社 [12] 濮良貴，紀(jì)名剛 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)[M] 北京：高等教育出版社，2001[13] 成大先 [M] 北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 致謝本文是在周善炳老師的精心指導(dǎo)和關(guān)懷下完成的，周老師淵博的學(xué)識(shí)、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、精益求精的工作作風(fēng)、高度的責(zé)任心對(duì)我產(chǎn)生了深深的震撼。 電子光譜。不少年后, 拉格朗日發(fā)現(xiàn)了五平衡點(diǎn)的存在, 今后大家都稱為拉格朗日點(diǎn)。 它是確切, 假設(shè), 子彈頭隨后而來(lái)一條直線彈道沒(méi)有道理在電子或正子原子碰撞的理論描述。 但是, 動(dòng)量和能源節(jié)約的情況減少這個(gè)數(shù)字 到五。 因而, 它通常是必要減少可變物的數(shù)量在橫剖面。θ2), 以便使問(wèn)題的依賴性降低到三或二獨(dú)立可變物, 各自地。 終于, 有尖頂和anticusp 在零速度在電子和正子動(dòng)量分布, 各自地。 履行這個(gè)宗旨它是必要的有一種充分的量子機(jī)械治療能同時(shí)應(yīng)付電離碰撞由重和輕的子彈頭的沖擊是因此相等地可適用的 例如 對(duì)離子原子或正子原子碰撞。為了是一致的與動(dòng)力學(xué)的我們充分的治療, 它是必要描述最終狀態(tài)Wf 通過(guò)考慮所有互作用在同樣立足處的wavefunction 。 我們選擇作為二個(gè)獨(dú)立參量散發(fā)的電子動(dòng)量組分, 平行和垂線對(duì)正子子彈頭的行動(dòng)的最初的方向。 因?yàn)镋CC 尖頂是一個(gè)推測(cè)橫跨捕獲電離極限入高度激動(dòng)的一定的狀態(tài), 這個(gè)同樣作用必須是存在在正子原子碰撞。Kover 和Laricchia 測(cè)量了在1998 dr/dEedXkdXK 橫剖面在一個(gè)collinear 情況在零的程度, 為H2 的電離分子由100 keV 正子沖擊[ 10 ] 。 每個(gè)這些過(guò)程包括正子電子二進(jìn)制碰撞, 被偏折跟隨被90 輕的微粒的當(dāng)中一個(gè)被重的中堅(jiān)力量。 想法是, 電子能從離子原子碰撞涌現(xiàn)由在在子彈頭和殘余的目標(biāo)離子潛力的備鞍點(diǎn)。 圖3 和圖4 精確地設(shè)置早先條件在任何能量和角度三個(gè)微粒符合的那些點(diǎn)。 終于, 有被解釋對(duì)象由于所謂的備鞍點(diǎn) 電離機(jī)制的極小值。 Positron impact。0 and θ1E)ΨimjZj/kj. This model was proposed by Garibotti and Miraglia [6] for ion–atom collisions, and by Brauner and Briggs six years later for positron–atom and electron–atom collisions [7]. However, in all these cases the kinematics of the problem was simplified, as discussed in the previous section, on the basis of the large asymmetry between the masses of the fragments involved. In addition, Garibotti and Miraglia neglected the matrix element of the interaction potential between the ining projectile and the target ion, and made a peaking approximation to evaluate the transition matrix element. This further approximation was removed in a paper by Berakdar et al. (1992), although they kept the mass restrictions in their ionimpact ionization analysis. 5. The electron capture to the continuum cusp Let us review some results in a collinear geometry. We choose as the two independent parameters the emitted electron momentum ponents, parallel and perpendicular to the initial direction of motion of the positron projectile. The energy of the projectile is 1keV positron impact [10]. The structure is not so sharply defined as for impact observed for heavy ions because of the convolution that accounts for the experimental window in the positron and e。VfΨf. For the Borntype initial statewhich includes the free motion of the projectile and the initial bound state Φi of the target, and the perturbation potential Vi is simply the sum of the positron–electron and positron–nucleus interactions. The transition matrix may then be deposed into two termsdepending on whether the positron interacts first with the target nucleus or the electron. In order to be consistent with our full treatment of the kinematics, it is necessary to describe the final state by means of a wavefunction that considers all the interactions on the same footing. Thus, we resort to a correlated C3 wave functionthat includes distortions for the three active interactions. The finalchannel perturbation potential for this choice of continuum wave function is [5](1)In the case of pure coulomb potentials, the distortions are given bywith νj. 4. Theoretical model The main question that we want to address in this munication is if there are some important collision properties in positron–atom collisions, that are not observable in total, single or double differential ionization cross sections, and that therefore have not yet been discovered. In order to understand the origin of these structures, we pare the corresponding cross sections with those obtained in ion–atom collisions. To fulfill this objective it is necessary to have a full quantummechanical treatment able to deal simultaneously with ionization collisions by impact of both heavy and light projectiles that is therefore equally applicable – for instance – to ion–atom or positron–atom collisions. A theory with this characteristics will allow us to study the changes of any given feature of multipledifferential crosssections when the mass relations among the fragments vary. In particular, it would allow us to study the variation when changing between the two restricted kinematical situations. The second important point is to treat all the interactions in the final state on an equal footing. As we have just explained, in ion–atom collisions, the internuclear interaction plays practically no role in the momentum distribution of the emitted electron and has therefore not been considered in the corresponding calculation. In this work, this kind of assumption has been avoided. The cross section of interest within this framework isThe transition matrix can be alternatively written in post or prior forms aswhere the perturbation potentials are defined by (H0) or a collinear motion (. Electron spectra。 你是知名的電子捕獲對(duì)連續(xù)流峰頂。 這個(gè)機(jī)制被描述在圖4. 因而, 檢查備鞍點(diǎn)的提案是正確的, 我們看是否我們的演算顯示與備鞍點(diǎn)電子生產(chǎn)的這個(gè)描述是一致的結(jié)構(gòu)。7. 備鞍點(diǎn)機(jī)制  一定更難辨認(rèn)。6. 托馬斯機(jī)制 現(xiàn)在讓我們走回到H2 的電離由1 keV 正子沖擊。 因而, 觀察這結(jié)構(gòu)它是必要增加橫剖面的維度。 第一理論解釋[ 9 ] 表示, 它分流以與1 相似的方式k 。 (1992), 雖然他們保留許多制約在他們的離子沖擊電離分析。 橫剖面利益在這范圍內(nèi)是轉(zhuǎn)折矩陣可能供選擇地被寫在崗位或預(yù)先的形式那里擾動(dòng)潛力被定義為出生類型初始狀態(tài)哪些包括子彈頭的自由行動(dòng)和最初的一定的狀態(tài)Ui 目標(biāo), 并且擾動(dòng)潛力vi 簡(jiǎn)單地是正子電子和正子中堅(jiān)力量互作用的總和。4. 理論模型我們想要討論在這通信的主要問(wèn)題是如果有一些重要碰撞物產(chǎn)在正子原子碰撞, 那不是可測(cè)的，總共, 單或雙有差別的電離橫剖面, 并且那因?yàn)槲幢话l(fā)現(xiàn)。 第二個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是土坎被設(shè)置沿圈子。0 and θ1 獨(dú)立可變物一個(gè)相似的選擇是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的為原子電離的描述由電子沖擊, 理論上和實(shí)驗(yàn)性地[ 3,4 ] 。 這略計(jì)廣泛被應(yīng)用在電子或正子原子電離碰撞。 （2）對(duì)于電子和正子原子碰撞, 一個(gè)微粒(目標(biāo)中堅(jiān)力量) 比其它兩個(gè)原子要重的多。三體問(wèn)題比二體問(wèn)題更加復(fù)雜難懂, 除了一些特殊的現(xiàn)象，它不能被簡(jiǎn)單的分析解決。 碰撞動(dòng)力學(xué)。本次設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)我的四年的大學(xué)生活做出的總結(jié),同時(shí)為將來(lái)工作進(jìn)行了一次適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練，從中鍛煉自己解分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的能力，為今后自己的研究生生活打下一個(gè)良好的基礎(chǔ)。具體結(jié)構(gòu)見裝配圖。 箱體箱體的作用是提供給刮板一個(gè)封閉的剝殼環(huán)境，并對(duì)相關(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)起到支承和定位作用。 半柵籠半柵籠在機(jī)器中的作用是讓已經(jīng)被剝殼的花生與未被剝殼的花生進(jìn)行分離，其分離的原理就是“小個(gè)通過(guò)，大個(gè)不過(guò)”。3．1設(shè)計(jì)前各項(xiàng)參數(shù)的確定3．1．1 刮板的半徑及轉(zhuǎn)速初定刮板的旋轉(zhuǎn)必須確保能將部分花生殼撞碎，當(dāng)花生果與鋼質(zhì)物體相對(duì)速度達(dá)到5時(shí)，可使花生殼破碎而不會(huì)破壞到花生仁，可根據(jù)此依據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)刮板的轉(zhuǎn)速與半徑。其結(jié)構(gòu)如圖11所示。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程是從上往下，從花生的裝集開始，最上面是集料斗，集料斗下方是剝殼箱，集料斗可與剝殼箱設(shè)計(jì)為一個(gè)整體。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)外高新技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展，如何將這些高新技術(shù)更好的應(yīng)用到實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中，也是