【正文】
行了無私的幫助和嚴(yán)格的教導(dǎo),特別要向我的指導(dǎo)教師致以敬意。(6) 利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這類風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不可避免的,應(yīng)拓寬信息的來源渠道,加強(qiáng)有關(guān)信息的搜集整理和分析工作,準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測和及時(shí)了解最新宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)動向。4.2 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析 層次分析法,通過專家分析該項(xiàng)目各層次內(nèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素重要性,構(gòu)造判斷矩陣,計(jì)算各風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要素的權(quán)重,從大到小對各風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要素權(quán)重進(jìn)行排序,并計(jì)算出各項(xiàng)的累積風(fēng)險(xiǎn)權(quán)重,按照ABC分類法將累積風(fēng)險(xiǎn)權(quán)重分為A、B、C三類。其基本目的是以某種方式駕馭風(fēng)險(xiǎn),保證項(xiàng)目可靠、高效地完成項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)。(4)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回避是指當(dāng)項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)潛在威脅發(fā)生可能性太大,不利后果也太嚴(yán)重,又無其他策略可用時(shí),主動放棄項(xiàng)目或改變項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)與行動方案,從而規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的一種策略。建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的施工合同按計(jì)價(jià)形式劃分, 有總價(jià)合同、單價(jià)合同和成本加酬金合同。緩解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是一種主動的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范策略,通常采取有形和無形的手段。如果歷史數(shù)據(jù)具有明顯的周期性,就可據(jù)此直接對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)做出周期性的評價(jià),如果從歷史記錄中看不出明顯的周期性,就可用一曲線或分布函數(shù)來擬合這些數(shù)據(jù)再進(jìn)行外推,此外還要注意歷史數(shù)據(jù)的不完整性和主觀性。3.2.3.4 主觀概率評分法主觀概率評分法是利用專家的經(jīng)驗(yàn)等隱性知識,直觀判斷項(xiàng)目每一單個風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并賦予相應(yīng)的權(quán)重,如010之間的一個數(shù)。該方法較自我評價(jià)法更加客觀,能更真實(shí)的反映出本項(xiàng)目的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平和其競爭實(shí)力。工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估過程主要包括以下內(nèi)容: (1)確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估基準(zhǔn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估基準(zhǔn)是項(xiàng)目主體針對每一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)后果的可接受水平。工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估的依據(jù)主要有: 一是工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理計(jì)劃。該程序可重復(fù)進(jìn)行, 直到獲得滿意的結(jié)果。用它進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識別時(shí),將工程項(xiàng)目可能發(fā)生的許多潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)列于一個表上,供識別人員進(jìn)行檢查核對,用來判別某項(xiàng)目是否存在表中所涉及的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(1)工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)要想能夠準(zhǔn)確、全面、客觀地識別工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn),就需要工程項(xiàng)目人員具備全面、豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),在自身已有的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)上,來積極吸收和聽取他人的想法和建議,從而做出科學(xué)、合理的取舍。(1)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識別就是利用科學(xué)的方法、途徑和措施來全面、客觀地判斷、認(rèn)識風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,并實(shí)施量化識別。發(fā)包人經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況惡化,導(dǎo)致履約能力差,無力支付工程款;發(fā)包人信譽(yù)差,不誠信,不按合同約定進(jìn)行工程結(jié)算,有意拖欠工程款等。目前國內(nèi)的建筑企業(yè)基本都是在墊資中生存,任何一家上規(guī)模的建筑企業(yè)都面臨一個融資成本的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制問題。承包商應(yīng)承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指工程項(xiàng)目實(shí)施中的除規(guī)定為業(yè)主的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以外的所有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2.3.2 組織風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 組織風(fēng)險(xiǎn)其實(shí)是從立場區(qū)別的角度去考慮建筑工程風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在的形式。②水文氣象條件。3) 工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響的全局性。(4) 工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)存在與發(fā)生的可變性。另一種界定為所有影響工程項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的不確定因素的集合。關(guān)鍵詞:工程項(xiàng)目、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識別、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評估、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)對策AbstractAlong with our country national economy and accelerating the pace of modernization, the new project number increase rapidly, increasingly large scale, increase investment, construction period lengthen, the harm of project implementation is out of control has bee increasingly serious, if not prevent, is likely to be influenced troublefree operation of engineering construction, and even have serious consequences. In view of this, the project risk assessment is particularly important. Project risk is every project, you might encounter in advance to cope with. But at present our country in the aspect of engineering project risk assessment is still in its infancy, research on risk analysis and risk response is still not mature, in this paper, based on introducing the risk identification, this paper expounds the meanings of the engineering project risk assessment, risk identification method to research and risk evaluation methods as the main content, the engineering project risk countermeasure has carried on the preliminary study, puts forward the risk mitigation, risk transfer, risk retention, risk avoidance and risk monitoring five kinds of effective countermeasures against risks. Tried to promote the actual level of engineering project risk management, so the engineering project risk evaluation to promote the development of project management in China is of great importance Key words: Engineering projects, risk identification, risk evaluation, risk countermeasure 目 錄摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………………………IAbstract………………………………………………………………………………………II1 前言………………………………………………………………………………………12 工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)……………………………………………………………………………………1 2.1 工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的概述 …………………………………………………………………1 工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的特點(diǎn) ……………………………………………………………………12.3 工程項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的種類………………………………………………………………………2