【正文】 所有格。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑問句和否定句。如：He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一個，另一個”無所指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是others，泛指“別的人或事”如：I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all和both, neither和eitherall表示不可數(shù)名詞時，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。五．介詞：1簡單介詞about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介詞inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短語介詞according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4雙重介詞from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between 5分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞considering(就而論), including6形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的介詞like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII. 常用介詞區(qū)別：1表示時間的in, on, atat表示片刻的時間，in表示一段的時間，on總是與日子有關(guān)2表示時間的since, fromsince 指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時間，和完成時連用，from指從時間的某一點開始3表示時間的in, afterin指在一段時間之后，after表示某一具體時間點之后或用在過去時的一段時間中4表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外5表示“在…上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿過”的through, acrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)，across表示在表面上通過，與on有關(guān)7表示“關(guān)于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指專門論述8between與among的區(qū)別between表示在兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間9besides與except的區(qū)別besides指“除了…還有再加上”，except指“除了，減去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in, withwith表示具體的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，單位，語言，聲音11as與like的區(qū)別as意為“作為，以…地位或身份”，like為“象…一樣”，指情形相似12in與into區(qū)別in通常表示位置（靜態(tài)），into表示動向，不表示目的地或位置六．動詞I.動詞的時態(tài)：1. 動詞的時態(tài)一共有16種，以ask為例，將其各種時態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式列表如下：現(xiàn)在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask進(jìn)行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will have askedshould/would have asked完成進(jìn)行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have been asking2. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別：1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，但和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它不能同表示過去的時間狀語連用，漢譯英時可加“已經(jīng)”等詞。4. 一般將來時的表達(dá)方式：將來時用法例句1will/shall+動詞原形表示將來發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)My sister will be ten next year.2be going to+動詞原形含有“打算，計劃，即將”做某事，或表示很有可能要發(fā)生某事It’s going to clear up.We’re going to have a party tonight.3be + doing 進(jìn)行時表示將來go, e, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 4be about to + 動詞原形表示安排或計劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作，后面一般不跟時間狀語I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to + 動詞原形表示按計劃進(jìn)行或征求對方意見We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.6一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來The meeting starts at five o’clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II. 動詞的被動語態(tài)：常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成常用被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are asked6過去進(jìn)行時was/were being asked2一般過去時was/were asked7現(xiàn)在完成時have/has been asked3一般將來時shall/will be asked8過去完成時had been asked4過去將來時should/would be asked9將來完成時will/would have been asked5現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are being asked10含有情態(tài)動詞的can/must/may be asked注意事項被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not，短語動詞的被動態(tài)不可漏掉其中介副詞。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及can’t語氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。其形式為：needn’t/daren’t do；Need/dare…do…?做實義動詞時可用于肯定句，否定句和疑問句。但是有形容詞的性質(zhì)，可以做表語，多表明主語的特征性質(zhì)或者狀態(tài)等，可被very, quite, rather等副詞修飾。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as與which的區(qū)別：定語從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 非限制性定語從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。狀語從句種類連接詞注意點時間狀語when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, instantly主。2．先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時3．先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時4．先行詞既指人又指物時5．先行詞被the only, the very修飾時6．句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復(fù)時 told me everything that he knows. the books that you offered has been given out. is the best film that I have ever read. talked about the persons and things that we remembered. is the only man that I want to see. is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情況1．在非限制性定語從句中，只能用wh