【正文】 ing University, Jack, China, love, air2名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose purse is this?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前Lincoln was made President of America.5學科，語言，球類，棋類名詞前He likes playing football/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前by train, by air, by land7以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的復數(shù)名詞前Horses are useful animals.三．代詞：I.代詞可以分為以下七大類：1人稱代詞主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they賓格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代詞形容詞性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名詞性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代詞myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代詞this, that, these, those, such, some5疑問代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6關系代詞that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代詞one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII. 不定代詞用法注意點：1. one, some與any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，復數(shù)為ones。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”，any可與比較級連用表示程度。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other和another:1) other泛指“另外的，別的”常與其他詞連用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個，復數(shù)為the others。1. 同級比較時常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.2. 可以修飾比較級的詞有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。簡言之，僅談過去，不關現(xiàn)在。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在讀那本書。如：It is believed that…It is generally considered that…It is said that…It is well known that…It must be pointed out that…It is supposed that…It is reported that…It must be admitted that…It is hoped that…下面主動形式常表示被動意義：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面詞或短語沒有被動態(tài)：leave, enter, reach, bee, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, e about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等七．情態(tài)動詞I.情態(tài)動詞基本用法：情態(tài)動詞用法否定式疑問式與簡答can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語中常用）可能性（表猜測，用于否定句或疑問句中）can not / cannot /can’t doCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’t domay可以（問句中表示請求）可能，或許（表推測）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do May…do…? Yes,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’t.mightmight not doMight…do…? Yes,…mightNo,…might not.must必須，應該（表主觀要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推測）must not/mustn’t doMust…do…? Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to.have to只好，不得不（客觀的必須，有時態(tài)人稱變化）don’t have to doDo…h(huán)ave to do…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.ought to應當（表示義務責任，口語中多用shouldought not to/oughtn’t to doOught…to do…?Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t.shall將要，會用于一三人稱征求對方意見用于二三人稱表示許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shan’t doShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’t.should應當，應該（表義務責任）本該（含有責備意味）should not/shouldn’t doShould…do…?will意愿，決心請求，建議，用在問句中would比較委婉will not/won’t doWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’t.wouldwould not/wouldn’t dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問句中）dare not/daren’t doDare…do…?Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t.need需要必須（常用于否定句和疑問句中）need not/needn’t doNeed…do…?Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not/usedn’t/usen’t to dodidn’t use to doUsed…to do…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’t.Did…use to do…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.II. 情態(tài)動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測：以must為例?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。但be able to可以表達“某事終于成功”，而can無法表達此意。3. need和dare作情態(tài)動詞和實義動詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。強調動作正在進行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.過去分詞動賓關系。It is no use saying that again and again.Teaching is my job.分詞無名詞的性質，不能做主語。The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.(常見分詞有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing及其ed形式)九．定語從句I.定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。3．先行詞本身是that時，關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定語從句　對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關系不十分密切，較松散