服務(wù)政策改革和轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)外文翻譯(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 SouthEast European (SEE) and Baltic states register an increase in productivity, both overall and within services (broadly de?ned to include government).Conversely, for those other countries where data is available, there has been a decline in the measured value of services output per employee. These countries also have not increased their overall labor productivity performance in the last decade. Noteworthy is the performance of the Baltic countries, where labor productivity in services outpaced the productivity increase in other sectors of the economy. Convergence with respect to highine OECD countries in terms of productivity levels is still far from being achieved, however. 3. Services Reforms and Growth Performance The forgoing snapshot of trends in the share of services in GDP, employment, output perworker, trade, and FDI reveal both substantial convergence toward European countries, but also a distinct difference between Central European/Baltic states and Central Asian and CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) economies. Given that trade and FDI in services can be expected to be associated with the acquisition of new technologies, higher service standards and more effective delivery, these differences should help explain the observed higher labor productivity performance in services in the former. The question explored in the rest of this paper is whether these services developments are determinants of the aggregate growth performance of countries. The services oute variables are of course endogenous, in?uenced by the policy stances of governments, so that the focus is on the impact of services policy reforms. While signi?cant progress has beenmade by many transition economies in services reforms, there is also substantial crosscountry heterogeneity in terms of liberalization and the quality of the regulatory framework for key “ backbone‖ services. Differences in policy reforms are re?ected by differences in FDI in is con?rmed by the correlation coef?cients in the Appendix Table A1 relating investment climate and the bined service sector reform variables to the stock of FDI as a share of higher coef?cient for the services reformvariable relative to the investment climate indicator is suggestive of the 4 important role servicerelated policies may play in attracting FDI. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether reforms have had a positive effect on output growth for the countries under consideration. Standard economic growth theory postulates that growth is a function of capital and labor inputs. It accords no special role to services. Services play a more prominent role in the literature on ?nancial sector development (see Le
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