【正文】 第四節(jié) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯、閱讀理解第一部分 語(yǔ)法及詞匯練習(xí)北冥有魚，其名為鯤。 otherwise I ________ here 50 minutes sooner.A) would be B) should be C) had been D) would have been（D）60. ________ his great wealth, he always remained a man of simple tastes.A) Except for B) With regard to C) Despite D) Although（C）61. The socks were too small and it was only by ________ them that he managed to get them on.A) spreading B) extending C) lengthening D) stretching（D）62. Language can be defined as a tool by which human beings ________ with one another.A) associate B) connect C) municate D) correspond（C）63. As a small boy, he was slow ________ learning to read and write.A) on B) with C) in D) about（C）64. Tony was ________ a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.A) within B) inside C) about D) off（D）65. It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it will prove to be worth the money ________.A) in the long run B) in conclusion C) at long last D) at the end（A）66. I don’t know why he ________ in the middle of a sentence.A) broke off B) broke out C) broke through D) broke away（A）67. I’m sorry Andy didn’t want to go to the conference. ________ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.A) Being B) Was he C) He had been D) Had he been（D）68. The minister was the person ________.A) whom the state dinner was given in honour B) for whom the state dinner was given honourC) whose honour the state dinner was given D) in whose honour the state dinner was given（D）69. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ________ on the way.A) goes wrong B) would go wrong C) went wrong D) should go wrong（D）70. John had been working hard and ________.A) so his brother had B) so had his brother C) so was his brother D) so his brother did（B）第三節(jié) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的譯法1．Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms airconditioned. （現(xiàn)在分詞正常使用）即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí), 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。（倒裝、定從使用）8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. 隨著爆發(fā)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過(guò)有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。4. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.大約有1/4的美國(guó)青年人沒(méi)有閱讀能力, 這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。而實(shí)際上，除了特別懶惰的人以外，幾乎沒(méi)有人愿意掙只相當(dāng)于最低生活維持費(fèi)的錢，也沒(méi)有人愿意飽食終日、無(wú)所事事。它翻譯時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district. 裝滿了車的東西和孩子們?cè)谶@個(gè)地區(qū)失蹤了。第二部分 定語(yǔ)從句的講解、練習(xí)及譯法1．that和which用法比較：1) which用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中。難度和專業(yè)四級(jí)等同。三、筆譯綜合能力試題的基本類型第一部分詞匯和語(yǔ)法部分可分為三大部分：詞匯選擇（Vocabulary and Grammar）120難度大約在四級(jí)左右；詞語(yǔ)替代（Vocabulary Selection）2140主要找出和劃?rùn)M線部分相同意思的詞匯，難度在4級(jí)到6級(jí)之間；改錯(cuò)（Error Correction）主要有詞匯和語(yǔ)法的兩種錯(cuò)誤。王力：《中國(guó)現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法》，商務(wù)印書館。功能流派的代表作郭頤頓、張穎，《商務(wù)英漢翻譯教程》，中山大學(xué)出版社，1995年版。17．包惠南著：《文化語(yǔ)境與語(yǔ)言翻譯》，中國(guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司。北京：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社，1998年版。上海：上海外語(yǔ)教育出版社，1997年版。西安：陜西人民出版社，1983年版。（黃皮書）2．《英語(yǔ)三級(jí)筆譯考試真題精選》，外文出版社，盧敏編，2006年版。3． 柯平，《英漢與漢英翻譯教程》。7． 范仲英，《實(shí)用翻譯教程》。11．古今明，《英漢翻譯基礎(chǔ)》。15．莊繹傳，《英漢翻譯簡(jiǎn)明教程》。22．Language, Culture, and Translation，by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press詞法、句法流派代表作陸殿揚(yáng)：《英漢翻譯理論與技巧》，商務(wù)印書館。范仲英，《實(shí)用翻譯教程》，外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社。方文華：《中國(guó)翻譯史》，西北大學(xué)出版社。類似于四級(jí)以上難度和題型，但是和專業(yè)四級(jí)題型更加相似。任何考試都是得閱讀者得天下，咱們的綜合能力考試也不除外。The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron. 你坐的椅子是用鋼做的。*非限定性定語(yǔ)從句（描繪性定語(yǔ)從句）和先行詞關(guān)系緊密，不可省略。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言的千差萬(wàn)別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。 因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力, 由于這個(gè)原因, 在自然界找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁。 she must have economic rights to survive.易卜生的劇作《玩偶之家》中的女主人公娜拉離家出走, 因?yàn)樗鲪核恼煞蛳駥?duì)待孩子一樣來(lái)對(duì)待她。 matter how frequently __, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏；to be performed 將要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：第一個(gè)：remember 記??；62. I remember __ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him第二個(gè)：want 想要； 48. Your hair wants __. You39。5．Situated at the base of the Mt. Lofty Ranges, Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.阿德萊德位于羅夫迪嶺山麓，屬地中海型氣候。鵬之徙于南冥也，水擊三千里，摶扶搖而上者九萬(wàn)里……　 　 ——《莊子?內(nèi)篇?逍遙游》41. I can’t understand how you ________ these unpleasant surroundings.A) put out B) put down C) put up with D) put forward（C）42. ________ you decide to take up you should try to make it a success.A) Whatever B) Unless C) Whenever D) If only（A）43. If Harry did not attend the conference last night, he ________ too much work to do.A) must have had B) must have C) had had D) had to have had（A）44. John often attends public lectures at the University of Oxford, chiefly ________ his English.A) to improve B) improving C) to have improved D) improved（A）45. It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures ________ to solve the problem.A) were taken B) be taken C) must be taken D) take（B）46. I am ________ of your stupid conversation.A) annoyed B) worried C) angry D) tired（D）47. They are building the dam in ________ with another firm.A) parison B) association C) touch D) tune（B）48. Most parents encourage th。3．When Chou En Lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩來(lái)的房門打開(kāi)時(shí)，他們看到的是一個(gè)身材瘦小、比普通人略高一點(diǎn)的人，兩眼閃著光輝，面貌很引人注意，稱得上清秀。第三部分 閱讀理解的基本理念（見(jiàn)PPT）第三節(jié) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，練習(xí)及其譯法，閱讀理解講解及練習(xí)第一部分 閱讀理解題目練習(xí)：When my first child was born, my motherinlaw said to me: ‘Motherhood is a wonderful just as long as you remember that A Mother’s Place is in the Wrong. No matter what you do, your children will blam