【正文】 認(rèn)識(shí)到語言的千差萬別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。語法及詞匯練習(xí)1. The bridge was named __ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A after B with C by D from2. There were no tickets __ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available3. __ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to4. Cancer is second only __ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from5. It wasn39。*非限定性定語從句（描繪性定語從句）和先行詞關(guān)系緊密，不可省略。That is only thing that I want to know. 那是我唯一想知道的事情。The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron. 你坐的椅子是用鋼做的。.: He said he was busy, which was not true. 他說他很忙，那是假的。任何考試都是得閱讀者得天下，咱們的綜合能力考試也不除外。四、基本復(fù)習(xí)策略綜合能力課程作為三級(jí)筆譯必修的課程，主要是考察學(xué)生對(duì)于英語基本知識(shí)的了解，特別是對(duì)雙語習(xí)慣的掌握，為了能夠更好地為實(shí)務(wù)課程打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，所以希望每一位同學(xué)都不要對(duì)這門課程產(chǎn)生掉以輕心的念頭。類似于四級(jí)以上難度和題型，但是和專業(yè)四級(jí)題型更加相似。第一部分考察的內(nèi)容主要為近義詞的辨析、短語介詞和動(dòng)詞詞組的搭配；語法點(diǎn)主要包括定語從句、狀語從句、名詞性從句、虛擬語氣、非謂語動(dòng)詞等等。方文華：《中國翻譯史》，西北大學(xué)出版社。王力：《中國古代語法》，商務(wù)印書館。范仲英，《實(shí)用翻譯教程》，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社。張鸞鈴，《實(shí)用英漢翻譯技巧》，廣東教育出版社，1996年版。22．Language, Culture, and Translation，by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press詞法、句法流派代表作陸殿揚(yáng)：《英漢翻譯理論與技巧》，商務(wù)印書館。18．何善芬等著：《英漢語言對(duì)比研究》，上海外語教育出版社。15．莊繹傳，《英漢翻譯簡(jiǎn)明教程》。13．李長(zhǎng)拴，《非文學(xué)翻譯理論與實(shí)踐》。11．古今明，《英漢翻譯基礎(chǔ)》。9． 郭著章，《英漢互譯實(shí)用教程》。7． 范仲英，《實(shí)用翻譯教程》。5． 陸殿揚(yáng)，《英漢翻譯理論與技巧》（上、下冊(cè)）。3． 柯平，《英漢與漢英翻譯教程》。（藍(lán)皮書）課外閱讀材料：1． 張培基、喻云根等，《英漢翻譯教程》。（黃皮書）2．《英語三級(jí)筆譯考試真題精選》，外文出版社，盧敏編，2006年版。武漢：湖北教育出版社，1996年版。西安：陜西人民出版社，1983年版。開封：河南大學(xué)出版社，1993年版。上海：上海外語教育出版社，1997年版。北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2002年版。北京：對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社，1998年版。北京：清華大學(xué)出版社。17．包惠南著：《文化語境與語言翻譯》，中國對(duì)外翻譯出版公司。20．《翻譯研究論文集》(189419419491983)(《翻譯通訊》編輯部)21．《翻譯理論與翻譯技巧文集》，中國對(duì)外翻譯出版公司。功能流派的代表作郭頤頓、張穎，《商務(wù)英漢翻譯教程》，中山大學(xué)出版社，1995年版。楊莉藜，《英漢互譯教程》，河南大學(xué)出版社。王力：《中國現(xiàn)代語法》，商務(wù)印書館。翻譯史 馬祖毅：《中國翻譯史》，中國對(duì)外翻譯出版公司。三、筆譯綜合能力試題的基本類型第一部分詞匯和語法部分可分為三大部分：詞匯選擇（Vocabulary and Grammar）120難度大約在四級(jí)左右；詞語替代（Vocabulary Selection）2140主要找出和劃橫線部分相同意思的詞匯，難度在4級(jí)到6級(jí)之間；改錯(cuò)（Error Correction）主要有詞匯和語法的兩種錯(cuò)誤。題材廣泛，選題多樣。難度和專業(yè)四級(jí)等同。第三，閱讀能力要強(qiáng)。第二部分 定語從句的講解、練習(xí)及譯法1．that和which用法比較：1) which用于非限定性定語從句中。.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large. 窗戶正對(duì)著海的房間很大。A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district. 裝滿了車的東西和孩子們?cè)谶@個(gè)地區(qū)失蹤了。.: They don’t like that person who is noisy. 他們不喜歡那個(gè)吵鬧的人。它翻譯時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.譯文：希臘人認(rèn)為，語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維能力過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。而實(shí)際上，除了特別懶惰的人以外，幾乎沒有人愿意掙只相當(dāng)于最低生活維持費(fèi)的錢，也沒有人愿意飽食終日、無所事事。2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being bined with other elements, most monly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合。4. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡(jiǎn)直令人難以置信。（后置譯法）6. Taking his cue from Ibsen`s A Doll`s House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husband’s treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself。（倒裝、定從使用）8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. 隨著爆發(fā)出來的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。 otherwise I ________ here 50 minutes sooner.A) would be B) should be C) had been D) would have been（D）60. ________ his great wealth, he always remained a man of simple tastes.A) Except for B) With regard to C) Despite D) Although（C）61. The socks were too small and it was only by ________ them that he managed to get them on.A) spreading B) extending C) lengthening D) stretching（D）62. Language can be defined as a tool by which human beings ________ with one another.A) associate B) connect C) municate D) correspond（C）63. As a small boy, he was slow ________ learning to read and write.A) on B) with C) in D) about（C）64. Tony was ________ a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.A) within B) inside C) about D) off（D）65. It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it will prove to be worth the money ________.A) in the long run B) in conclusion C) at long last D) at the end（A）66. I don’t know why he ________ in the middle of a sentence.A) broke off B) broke out C) broke through D) broke away（A）67. I’m sorry Andy didn’t want to go to the conference. ________ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.A) Being B) Was he C) He had been D) Had he been（D）68. The minister was the person ________.A) whom the state dinner was given in honour B) for whom the state dinner was given honourC) whose honour the state dinner was given D) in whose honour the state dinner was given（D）69. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ________ on the way.A) goes wrong B) would go wrong C) went wrong D) should go wrong（D）70. John had been working hard and ________.A) so his brother had B) so had his brother C) so was his brother D) so his brother did（B）第三節(jié) 非謂語動(dòng)詞的譯法1．Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms airconditioned. （現(xiàn)在分詞正常使用）即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí), 電仍在為我們工作: 幫我們開動(dòng)電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。4．With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support parents.隨著物價(jià)和房租迅速上漲，許多年輕大學(xué)畢業(yè)生無法掙錢養(yǎng)活自己，更不用說贍養(yǎng)父母。第四節(jié) 非謂語動(dòng)詞，長(zhǎng)難句分析及翻譯、閱讀理解第一部分 語法及詞匯練習(xí)北冥有魚，