【正文】 keeping the number of sets to 5 or fewer can be helpful 3. Choose the method and materials that the individuals/small groups use to note their initial 15 Words based on the size of the room and group 4. It can be more efficient and less laborious if group members can walk around and review the descriptions — hence flipcharts can be useful if the room is big enough 5. If an overhead projector is available and it is impractical to use flipchart pages, use transparencies. 6. If the leader is fortable doing so, have him/her run steps 3 and 4 7. If not, the facilitator may do so, taking guidance from the leader 8. Generally it is easier to assign/volunteer someone to develop a 15 Word description outside the group。 and Global vs. Local. Why use it? The primary reason to use a payoff matrix is to sort and prioritize actions or ideas. It serves as a discussion format to take a range of ideas and narrow down how best to spend the group’s time and energy. The matrix is a visual tool that helps the group to: 1. Determine which ideas have the most benefit or require the most work related to two important dimensions 2. Discuss each idea or issue in an anized manner resulting in thoughtful discussions before beginning to problem solve 3. Begin the process of identifying where the team wants to focus their energy by sorting priorities and understanding the thinking behind other people’s ideas 4. Uncover support, resistance, and areas of agreement or disagreement Payoff Matrix 5 Workshop_Facilitaton_Tools Updated April 2023 GoFast!Payoff Matrix, continued Steps: 1. Select the two dimensions that best fit the discussion topic to construct the matrix 2. Decide on the words that describe the extremes (high to low, difficult to easy) 3. Draw the matrix on a flip chart to facilitate engagement and discussion 4. Draw the matrix so the most desirable box is the upper right hand corner。 Cost vs. Benefit。 group members may not all be in agreement 4. Keeping the scope focused increases the chance of successful implementation 5. Go to the appropriate level of detail on each issue or idea that passes through the frame 6. Remember to get consensus on what is in and outofframe 12 Workshop_Facilitaton_Tools Updated April 2023 GoFast!In the Frame/Out of the Frame Tool Instructions: 1. Have the leader and group list all potential aspects/ponents (., end results, timeframe, product lines, geographic, anizations/groups involved) of the initiative using postit notes 2. As a total group, place each idea either intheframe, outsidetheframe, or ontheframe (if uncertainty or disagreement exists) 3. Discuss ―ontheframe‖ items in more detail to reach agreement 4. Review the group’s understanding of the scope with the appropriate leaders 13 Workshop_Facilitaton_Tools Updated April 2023 GoFast!Fishbone What is it? Fishbone helps a group analyze causes of an issue or problem in a systematic way. Why use it? When group members are asked to determine the various causes for the problem/issue and remend solutions with action plans to address them, this tool is useful for detailing logical connections contributing to the larger problem/issue. It can also help the group prioritize the most likely causes and identify root causes. It categorizes and provides an open systems framework for discussing the problem. Steps: 1. Build the fishbone diagram on the wall using masking tape or draw on flip charts 2. Clarify and validate the problem with the group 3. Ask group members to identify things that are causing this problem through small group discussion or working in pairs 4. Collect their input and display the individual causes on the fishbone 5. Ask group members to cluster causes in ―related clusters‖ 6. Test for a logical connection with the problem and label each cluster 7. Select one cluster at a time to focus on for the next step of solution generation to eliminate these causes Tips: 1. Make sure that the causes are not symptoms 2. Take time to agree on the ―head of the fish,‖ the key issue 3. Ask ―why‖ five times to get to the root cause 4. Combine storyboarding with this tool 14 Workshop_Facilitaton_Tools Updated April 2023 GoFast!Fishbone Tool Problem or Issue Possible Cause Possible Cause B Technical Human Possible Cause Possible Cause E Possible Cause B Possible Cause Possible Cause E Possible Cause E Possible Cause Wrong Procedures Used Inspectors Lack Skill Poor Training Training Materials Unskilled Instructors Measurement Procedures 70% Poor Location Weak Documentation Unavailable Wrong Tools Used Inconsistent Procedures Used Cleanliness Humidity Peers Pressures Management Don’t Understand Process Low Skill Cleanliness Uninterested Lack Knowledge 20% People Excess Temperature Vibrations 10% Environment No Criteria Exist No Operational Definitions 10% Errors on QA Inspections Topic: Why is the QA inspection error rate so high? 15 Workshop_Facilitaton_Tools Updated April 2023 GoFast!Circles of Control, Influence, Concern What is it? Circles of Control, Influence and Concern is a framework for groups to use to sort information. The goal is to use this tool to identify what the group has control and influence over so they spend their time working on things they can truly impact. Why use it? The power of this tool is to focus the group in arenas that they can impact. It is a visual that can facilitate great discussions. It is especially useful when a group member or members are stuck on a topic that is outofscope. Usually, this tool helps name this situation and allows the group to move on to more fruitful discussions. If the subject is critical and bees a roadblock to progress,