【正文】 Wall, 2011).然而，通過在一項包含多架F22和裝備CATbird航電測試設備的F35測試發(fā)現，LPI軟件功能并非萬無一失。 USAF, 2001.圖6：AN/APG77雷達作戰(zhàn)包線。The radar39。鑒于J16的T/R組件數量，J20的T/R組件應該比當前最先進的美國和俄羅斯AESA雷達設計更多。據此，作者推測，裝備J16的AESA雷達系統大約擁有1200至1500個T/R組件，而不是網傳的1760個。許多中國航空作家都預測，與更加先進的J20相比，J10B只扮演了“技術墊腳石”的角色。然而，中國在第一代AESA系統設計時的封裝技術似乎不可能達到美國同期水平?！盞opp，2014。Lastly, thermal management systems are instrumental for the operation of high power AESA radars. Unlike MSA systems, air cooling systems are insufficient to prevent heat related system failures and frequent maintenance issues:最后，熱管理系統在高功耗AESA雷達中起到關鍵作用。例如：F15C的機頭鼻錐可容納具有1500個T/R組件的APG63V(3)雷達，而F16C Block 60只能容納具有1000個T/R組件的APG80雷達。本文的主要目的在于收集匯總有關中國有源相控陣雷達未來發(fā)展方向的廣泛大量信息。相比較而言，歐洲最早列裝使用AESA雷達的時間是2012年，而俄羅斯的Mig35戰(zhàn)斗機于2016年前不會裝備AESA雷達。圖1：裝備F15C的APG63(V)2型雷達。s intent was to pile a wide variety of information on expected future developments in Chinese actively scanned electronic array (AESA) radars. Furthermore, the current “Threat Analysis of Foreign Stealth Fighters: Part I Chengdu J20” is largely dated with respect to developments with the J20’s avionics suite and this article subsequently provides more uptodate information on the J20’s AESA.s thermal management system(s). The volume of the nose is a fairly intuitive constraint, the larger an aircraft’s nose is, the larger the radar can be. For example, the F15C’s nose cone is able to acmodate the much larger 1,500 T/R element APG63V(3) radar vs. the F16C Block 60 with its paratively smaller nose cone and its 1,000 T/R element APG80 AESA. Packaging technology refers to how many individual T/R modules can be installed within the finite space usually acplished by reductions in size of the individual T/R modules. The more technologically advanced a firm’s T/R packaging technology is, the smaller the individual T/R modules will be resulting in an increase density of the layout of T/R modules within the array. Thus, advancements in packaging technology enable engineers to acmodate more T/R modules within the fixed volume of the aircraft39。s first generation of AESAs also utilize a multiT/R channel design.圖2：早期美國制造的4聯裝T/R組件。典型的液冷系統往往采用一個液壓泵驅動冷卻液在天線的散熱管道中流動，并最終通過冷卻液將熱量傳遞給熱交換機。J10飛機的鼻錐部位空間與F16類同，或被J10部分借鑒設計的以色列“獅”戰(zhàn)機。雖然歐洲、以色列和俄羅斯的AESA雷達系統所采用的封裝技術水平并不能直接說明中國的封裝技術水平，但他們可作為參考，并說明在第一代AESA雷達系統中，中國不可能擁有與美國相同的技術水平，而美國被廣泛承認是掌握最先進專業(yè)T/R組件封裝技術的國家（Kopp，2014）。如果說裝備J16的AESA雷達確實擁有1760個T/R組件，那么這將說明中國航空工業(yè)在T/R組件封裝技術方面已經超越俄羅斯，因為N036雷達據信已是目前俄羅斯戰(zhàn)機裝備的最先進AESA雷達系統。s single greatest difficulty in designing the ZukAE was the AESA39。David Axe將RWR的功能簡單類比為在黑暗房間中尋找一個隨身攜帶閃光燈的人。越遠的目標獲得更少的雷達觀測；當這些目標不斷接近F22時，他們將被識別和按優(yōu)先級排序；而后，當這些目標距離足夠近時，F22將選擇與其交戰(zhàn)或回避，F22的雷達將持續(xù)跟蹤這些目標。However, LPI software is not foolproof as demonstrated between tests involving F22s and a CATbird avionics testbed equipped with the F3539。圖片授權：Ronald W. Brower amp。 as they get closer to the F22, they will be identified and prioritized。此外，擁有如此大數量的T/R組件，使得1475型雷達很難使用低截獲模式，從而更容易被雷達告警接收機（RWR）系統偵獲，例如：ALR94型RWR。s AESA is the Type 1475. While the nose volume of the J20 is certainly large, the jet overall is longer and heavier than the F22, no credible figures for nose volume were available at the time of this publication. As with the J16 T/R figure, the J20 figure is substantially greater than that of the most advanced US and Russian designs. Even if the Nanjing