中國有源相控陣技術發(fā)展狀況及其戰(zhàn)略影響-預覽頁
【正文】 date information on the J20’s AESA.美國在AESA技術上的領導地位，完全得益于冷戰(zhàn)后期的巨額投資。圖1：裝備F15C的APG63(V)2型雷達。 Strategic Impacts中國有源相控陣技術發(fā)展狀況及其戰(zhàn)略影響Image 1: APG63(V)2 radar installed on an F15C. The APG63(V)2 was the first fighter mounted AESA radar to enter service worldwide. The first American F15C unit to receive the new radars were stationed at Elmendorf in 2000. In parison, the first European AESA entered operational service in 2012 and the first Russian AESA equipped fighters (Mig35) will not enter service until 2016. The initial US technological lead in AESA technology is attributable to substantial investments made in the late stages of the Cold War.相比較而言，歐洲最早列裝使用AESA雷達的時間是2012年，而俄羅斯的Mig35戰(zhàn)斗機于2016年前不會裝備AESA雷達。 performance figures associated with domestically produced radars is even harder to verify. This article39。本文的主要目的在于收集匯總有關中國有源相控陣雷達未來發(fā)展方向的廣泛大量信息。Three main determinants dictate the maximum number of transmit receiver modules a fighter radar can acmodate: the volume of the aircraft’s nose, the technological maturity of the firm/country’s T/R module packaging technology, and the effectiveness of the radar39。例如：F15C的機頭鼻錐可容納具有1500個T/R組件的APG63V(3)雷達，而F16C Block 60只能容納具有1000個T/R組件的APG80雷達。Image 2: US early production quad packed transmit receiver modules. The United States no longer produces quad channel T/R modules and has since produced single T/R module designs. Less advanced AESAs such as the ZhukAE utilize multiT/R channel designs, it is possible China39。Lastly, thermal management systems are instrumental for the operation of high power AESA radars. Unlike MSA systems, air cooling systems are insufficient to prevent heat related system failures and frequent maintenance issues:最后，熱管理系統(tǒng)在高功耗AESA雷達中起到關鍵作用。美國設計研發(fā)的聚α烯烴（PAO）冷卻液是一種合成液壓液?！盞opp，2014。J10B飛機可能是首款使用AESA系統(tǒng)的中國國產戰(zhàn)斗機；J10B單位在2014年10月形成初步作戰(zhàn)能力（IOC）。然而，中國在第一代AESA系統(tǒng)設計時的封裝技術似乎不可能達到美國同期水平。除美國本土公司外，只有法國航空業(yè)Thales公司在第一代AESA雷達（RB2E）上使用超過1000個T/R組件（Avionics Today雜志，2009）。許多中國航空作家都預測，與更加先進的J20相比，J10B只扮演了“技術墊腳石”的角色。提赫米洛夫儀器制造研究院制造的N036 AESA雷達系統(tǒng)擁有1500個T/R組件，與電子掃描陣列（ESA）IrbisE雷達（無源相控陣PESA）孔徑尺寸相似，后者在與Su27機身結構設計相仿的Su35上使用。據(jù)此，作者推測，裝備J16的AESA雷達系統(tǒng)大約擁有1200至1500個T/R組件，而不是網(wǎng)傳的1760個。s nose, the density of the T/R modules would create significant cooling problems. For example, Phazotron39。鑒于J16的T/R組件數(shù)量，J20的T/R組件應該比當前最先進的美國和俄羅斯AESA雷達設計更多。Many discussions with respect to the relative stealthiness of fighter aircraft are limited to merely paring radar cross section estimates while entirely neglecting alternate means of detecting aircraft such as RWRs or other emission locator systems. David Axe succinctly pares the process of how RWRs function to how a flash light carried by another person is easily visible in a dark room. AESAs emit a substantial amount of energy, especially designs with a greater number of T/R modules, which enables passive emission locator systems to detect an AESA. The addition of an LPI software for AESAs mitigates the risk of RWR detection.許多有關戰(zhàn)斗機“相對隱身性”的討論，只限于比較雷達截面積評估，而完全忽視了其他對空偵察手段，例如：雷達告警接收機（RWR）和其他輻射定位系統(tǒng)。The radar39。 and when they are close enough to be engaged or avoided, they are continuously tracked Bill Sweetman, 2001“通過對雷達信號的輻射功率、持續(xù)時間和輻射空間管理，保持飛行員對戰(zhàn)場態(tài)勢的有效感知，并最大限度降低信號被偵測的機率。 USAF, 2001.圖6：AN/APG77雷達作戰(zhàn)包線。 USAF, 2001。 Wall, 2011).然而，通過在一項包含多架F22和裝備CATbird航電測試設備的F35測試發(fā)現(xiàn)，LPI軟件功能并非萬無一
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