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例如:afraid 害怕的。s wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.A. little B. Few C. a little D. a few答案: A. spend所指的是錢,不可數(shù),只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的[來源:學(xué)|科|網(wǎng)Z|X|X|K]讓步狀語從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。All (of) the milk is there.[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]所有的牛奶都在那。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。1)both (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個(gè)), neither (兩者都不)。each可作代詞或形容詞。b)none 作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動(dòng)詞只能是單數(shù)。4) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.(同類但不同個(gè))你買的那頂帽子比我買的大。Here are three novels. You may read ,你可任讀一本。注意:(1)在肯定疑問句中用some代替any。 在答語中,none可單獨(dú)使用。,避免重復(fù)。 但all可與表時(shí)間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night,all the year; 但習(xí)慣上不說 all hour,all century。s not the man he was. 他變化很大,已不是過去的他了。)2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。試比較:疑問代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的書是誰的?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的書是誰的?What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River being part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?說明1: 無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。 c. 作主語補(bǔ)語My point is this.我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。現(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多,例如:He put all the books beside each other.他把所有書并列擺放起來。b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個(gè)主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+介詞 take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth. I could not dress (myself) up at that 。c. 作介詞賓語,例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。物主代詞 1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如: John had cut his finger。 Nobody came, did he?誰也沒來,是嗎?2)動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時(shí)也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。b. 在電話用語中常用主格。現(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。2)分?jǐn)?shù)表示法構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。All the students in the class went 。2) 如后一個(gè)形容詞無冠詞,則指一物。X。s Republic of China中華人民共和國(guó)the United States美國(guó)9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前:She plays the 。the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人。 A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2) 代表一類人或物。s room(一間)6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語,39。s 理發(fā)店。s bag 男孩的書包,men39。 如:men workers women teachers gentlemen officials3) 有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞,作定語時(shí),s保留。This factory produces steel.(不可數(shù))We need various steels.(可數(shù))c. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí),可數(shù)。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事書。 a meter, two meters3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。3) 物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nouns):表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物,如:air。t youwould rather + v.wouldn39。t he?It must be going to rain tomorrow, won39。t you ?注意: Let39。t she?15) 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑問部分常用復(fù)數(shù)they,有時(shí)也用單數(shù)he。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。He must be a doctor, isn39。t +主語。t +主語或 usedn39。t +主語。Please do take care of yourself. 千萬保重。 本題易誤選為A. that. 其實(shí)本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。本題屬第一種,但省略了bad,相對(duì)于 What a bad time I had! 這是個(gè)習(xí)慣用語。How +形容詞+ a +名詞+陳述語序How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序What +名詞+陳述語序What+a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序What+ 形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 陳述語序What+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序How clever a boy he is!How lovely the baby is!What noise they are making!What a clever boy he is!What wonderful ideas (we have)!What cold weather it is!感嘆句的省略形式為:What a clever boy (he is)!典型例題1)___ food you39。t be late.2) 第二種祈使句以let開頭。2)主 + 動(dòng) + 表(SVP)例如:John is 。有以下四種:(General Questions):Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時(shí)完成工作嗎?(W Questions。Light travels faster than 。(主)(謂)2) 并列句(Compound Sentences):包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句,句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來連接,例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主) (謂)(主)(謂)食物很精美,但他卻沒什么胃口。1) 祈使句有兩種類型,一種是以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,在動(dòng)詞原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子)。t you?= Will you please let us have another try?否定結(jié)構(gòu):Let39。C為how + adj. 后面不應(yīng)有名詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個(gè),that和who。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時(shí),疑問部分用肯定含義。t +主語)。t you?You39。You39。What colours, aren39。t he?c. 上述部分主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)的定語從句,疑問部分與賓語從句相對(duì)應(yīng)構(gòu)成反意疑問句。t dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you。It is impossible, isn39。t +主語)used todidn39。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞,如:book,sadness等。如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。 c. the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。比較:Cake is a kind of 。如:a glass of water 一杯水a(chǎn) piece of advice一條建議 定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 名詞作定語一般用單數(shù),但也有以下例外。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下:1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加39。3) 凡不能加39。 如:John39。不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是一個(gè)的意思。ve been to the house. 他買了幢房子。ve been looking ??啤?)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞;by bus,by train; 10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義;go to hospital去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital去醫(yī)院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞 b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞He came first in the race.c. 在固定詞組中at (the) first, first of all, from first to last 冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1) 兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。如:quite a lot [來源:學(xué)+科+網(wǎng)]d. 在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后: Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。 b. 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分?jǐn)?shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of…[來源:學(xué)科網(wǎng)ZXXK]The earth is 49 times the size of the 。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her作主語補(bǔ)語) a. Who broke the vase?誰打碎了花瓶? b. 。,常用賓格代替主格。(主格主格)I thought it to be her.(賓格賓格)I was taken to be 。it IYou, he and I should return on time.2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q - 第二人稱 - 第三人稱we-you -They注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。s cap意為 The cap is Jack39。公式為:a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。4) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。2) 相互代詞的句法功能:a. 作動(dòng)詞賓語;People should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛。s notes.學(xué)生們互借筆記。( that作主語,指人) (對(duì))He is going to marry this 。(those指物)疑問代詞 1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。關(guān)系代詞 1) 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。ve forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我過去懂拉丁語,現(xiàn)在大都忘了。all 的主謂一致:all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.4)neither兩者都不a. neither作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。e. 如后連續(xù)有幾個(gè)否定句式,則用nor,不用neither。2) 當(dāng)做某一解時(shí),也可