【正文】 發(fā)帖人: bluestones 發(fā)帖時間: 20100511 09:19 PM 例Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there. A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope 解析：該題答案為A， only和它所修飾的狀語一起置于句首時，須用倒裝。 （十三）主謂一致 I． 要點 謂語受主語支配，須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這叫做主謂一致，主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。 a. 先行詞有all, everything等不定代詞時，如， Everything (that) he did is wrong. b. 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時，如， I39。 例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ? A. doesn39。t stand there. Please open the door for the old lady. II．例題 例1，Don39。t need to leave, do we? （2） 陳述部分出現否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時，反問部分須用肯定形式如：He seldom es, does he? （3） 陳述部分用不定代詞作主語時，反問部分的主語用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it? 陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語時，反問部分常用it，有時也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don39。t have cleaned the classroom, because he didn39。t./ No, you don39。 作狀語 Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful. Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him. 作賓語 I hate being spoken ill of. He considered visiting Japan during the winter vocation. 作表語 Seeing is believing. The book is interesting. 作賓語補足語 I noticed him crossing the street. Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen. 作定語 Do you know the man writing a letter? The worker running a machine is my brother. 分詞使用中的幾個問題 現在分詞的完成式發(fā)帖人: bluestones 發(fā)帖時間: 20100511 09:16 PM Having cleaned the room, I went out. 現在分詞的否定式 Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried. 現在分詞與過去分詞的不同 現在分詞表示主動、正在，過去分詞表示被動、完成 I found the man killed there. I found the man standing there. have結構 We have the car repaired. We have repaired the car. We have Tom repair the car. We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning. 分詞作表語 We were excited at the news. The football game is exciting. 獨立主格結構 It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park. II． 例題 例Time_______， I39。它分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩類。 Do you still remember my parents and me ing to see you that day? 3．后面常接動名詞的動詞和短語 mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine, keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit, be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,發(fā)帖人: bluestones 發(fā)帖時間: 20100511 09:16 PM can39。 式 | 語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否定式 not +動名詞 ２、 動名詞的用法 （１） 作主語 Playing football is my favorite sport.發(fā)帖人: bluestones 發(fā)帖時間: 20100511 09:16 PM Travelling with friends at weekend is fun. 作主語的動名詞結構復雜且長時，可用it作形式主語。t got a chair ____. A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting 解析：該題選C。如： I have two letters to write. I have a lot of work to do. （５） 作賓補 通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。s a train ing. A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on 解析：該題選A. look out 意為小心。如： The prisoners were set free. He cut it open. （６） 動詞＋名詞 常見的有take place, make friends等。如：You39。 例３ Had she been older, she ____ it better. A had done B might have done C might do D would do 解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為Ｂ。如：I suggest that we (should) go swimming. （３） 在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。 例２ The fiveyearold girl ____ by her parents. A is looked B has looked for C is being looked for D has been looked 解析：該題正確答案為Ｃ。re going to see a film next Monday. 一般過去時 表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。 英語語法知識難點（二） （四）動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài) I． 要點 一般現在時 （1） 表示經常發(fā)生的動作或現在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。ll tell him as soon as I see him. (13) because 因為 He didn39。 除了從屬連詞（引導狀語從句）外，還有其它可以用來引導從句的詞類。而Dbesides, 意為除了…之外，還有。如： He came right after dinner. He lives directly opposite the school. 某些介詞的意義與用法舉例 （1） at, on, in（表時間） 表示時間點用at,如at four o39。Dneither本身意為否定兩者都不，而Ceither則用于否定句中，意為也。因此該題選B。t finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night. （2） too, as well, also, either too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問句，too和as well多用于口語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞連用。 ⑦ My English is no better than yours. 我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。英語語法知識難點（一） II． 例題（一） 形容詞和副詞 I． 要點 A． 形容詞 形容詞的用法 形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補，有時還可作狀語。 B．副詞 副詞的種類 （1） 時間副詞 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等 （2） 地點副詞 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。 例2 ____ the worse I seem to be. A When I take more medicine B The more medicine I take C Taking more of the medicine D More medicine taken 解析：該題正確答案為B。 例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news. A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply 解析：該題正確答案為B。clock, at midnight等；表示不確定的時間或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。所以該題正確答案為D。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞（引導名詞性從句），關系代詞和關系副詞（引導定語從句）。t go to school, because he was ill. （14）unless 除非，如果不 I won39。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school. （2） 表示客觀真理、科學事實等。如：It happened many years ago. 過去進行時 表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。從句謂語形式是(should)＋動詞原形。 （六）短語動詞 I． 要點 英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體，其用法有的相當于及物動詞，有的相當于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。ll hand in your homework tomorrow.發(fā)帖人: bluestones 發(fā)帖時間: 20100511 09:14 PM Please don39。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。 （七）動詞不定式 I． 要點 １、 不定式的形式。如： He ordered her to leave at once. He was forced to obey his order. （６） 作狀語 He got up early to catch the first bus. He worked hard to catch up with the other students. （７） 作獨立成分 To tell you the truth, I told a lie. （８） 疑問詞＋不定式結構。不定式to sit on在句中作定語，修飾名詞chair. 因為不定式和它所修飾的名詞間是動賓關系，所以不定式必須是及物動詞，故此處on不能省略。如： It is fun travelling with friends at weekend. （２） 作賓語 I enjoy playing PC game. He gave up writing five years ago. （３） 作表語 What he hated most was doing nothing. Seeing is believing. 動名詞作表語時，句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。t help doing, it is