【正文】 s devotion to the set shot and encouraging a more open game. In consecutive years the center jump was eliminated after free throws and then after field goals, thus speeding up the game and allowing for more scoring. In 1938, Irish created the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in the Garden to determine a national champion. Although postseason tournaments had occurred before, the NIT was the first with major colleges from different regions and proved to be a great financial success. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) created its own postseason tournament in 1939 but did not rival the NIT in prestige for some time. The 1940s saw significant changes for college basketball. Players began using the jump shot after Kenny Sailors of Wyoming wowed the East with it in 1943. The behindtheback dribble and pass also appeared, as did exceptional big men. Bob Kurland at Oklahoma Aamp。s original thirteen rules remain, the game soon changed considerably, and the founder had little to do with its evolution. The first intercollegiate game was played in Minnesota in 1895, with nine players to a side and a final score of nine to three. A year later, the first fiveman teams played at the University of Chicago. Baskets were now constructed of twine s but it was not until 1906 that the bottom of the s were open. In 1897, the dribble was first used, field goals became two points, foul shots one point, and the first professional game was played. A year later, the first professional league was started, in the East, while in 1900, the first intercollegiate league began. In 1910, in order to limit rough play, it was agreed that four fouls would disqualify players, and glass backboards were used for the first time. Noheless, many rules still differed, depending upon where the games were played and whether professionals, collegians, or YMCA players were involved. College basketball was played from Texas to Wisconsin and throughout the East through the 1920s, but most teams played only in their own regions, which prevented a national game or audience from developing. Professional basketball was played almost exclusively in the East before the 1920s, except when a team would barnstorm into the Midwest to play local teams, often after a league had folded. Before the 1930s very few games, either professional or amateur, were played in facilities suitable for basketball or with a perfectly round ball. Some were played in arenas with chicken wire separating the players from fans, thus the word cagers, others with posts in the middle of the floor and often with balconies overhanging the corners, limiting the areas from which shots could be taken. Until the late 1930s, all players used the twohand set shot, and scores remained low. Basketball in the 1920s and 1930s became both more anized and more popular, although it still lagged far behind both baseball and college football. In the pros, five urban, ethnic teams excelled and 1826+組織行為學(xué) 第 10 頁 共 10 頁 played with almost no college graduates. They were the New York Original Celtics。s game changed radically in 1971 when separate rules for women were modified to more closely resemble the men39。 the ball was the objective. To score, the ball had to be shot through a horizontal, elevated goal. The team with the most points at the end of an allotted time period wins. Early in the history of basketball, the local YMCAs provided the gymnasiums, and membership in the anization grew rapidly. The size of the local gym dictated the number of players。 缺點是：機構(gòu)重復(fù)，容易造成管理人員浪費；由于各個事業(yè)部獨立經(jīng)營，使各事業(yè)部之間人員互換困難，相互支援差；各事業(yè)部經(jīng)理考慮問題容易從本部門出發(fā)，忽視整個企業(yè)的整體利益。 （四）楊利平糯米美食廠 問題： 根據(jù)組織結(jié)構(gòu)理論，楊利平的糯米美食廠采用的是什么類型的結(jié)構(gòu)？它有何優(yōu)缺點？適合于什么樣的環(huán)境？ 根據(jù)案例請指出表哥湯正龍建議的工廠結(jié)構(gòu)是種什么類型的組織結(jié)構(gòu)？ 湯正龍建議的組織結(jié)構(gòu)有何優(yōu)缺點？ 要求引用理論準(zhǔn)確，邏輯 清晰，將理論聯(lián)系案例中的實際情況進行分析，自圓其說；評卷者可以依據(jù)參考答案，酌情給分。按照特性（素質(zhì)）理論的要求，不斷地提高自身的素質(zhì)，使自己在政治素質(zhì)、知識素質(zhì)、能力素質(zhì)和身心素質(zhì)等方面具有較高的水平。 （三） 古井酒廠 問題： ，你對王效金廠長的管理風(fēng)格有什么看法？ ？ ？ （要求引用理論準(zhǔn)確，邏輯清晰，將理論聯(lián)系案例中的實際情況進行分析，自圓其說；評卷者可以依據(jù)參考答案，酌情給分。要搞好企業(yè)文化建設(shè)必須做到以下幾點：①領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者重視、調(diào)節(jié)和控制。在企業(yè)中通常稱它為企業(yè)文化。根據(jù)菲斯廷格的認(rèn)知不協(xié)調(diào)理論，主任需要幫助高山重新認(rèn)識先 進工作者的評選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；或是幫助高山在繼續(xù)搞好行政工作的同時，也多發(fā)表論文；或是下年度評選先進時廣泛征求大家意見，提高評選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如既要看其行政工作的效果，也要看科研成果的水平與數(shù)量。 高山是屬于什么氣質(zhì)類型的人？請用希波克拉底的氣質(zhì)理論來分析。目前寫字樓租戶 272 家，公寓租戶 426 家，商場租戶 106 家。 D. 促進各種專業(yè)人員互相幫助，互相激發(fā)，相得益彰。根據(jù)公平理論， A 會采取以下哪種行為（ B. 減少自己的投入 ）。最近，公司發(fā)現(xiàn)營銷人同似乎有點散漫，對公司的一些做法也有異議，但又長不到確切的原因。 對下屬采取信任的態(tài)度，并與他們共同制定計劃、設(shè)置目標(biāo)、改進和檢查工作，這種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)風(fēng)格屬于什么類型？（ D. 參與式 ） 非管理層事務(wù)的增多會使管理幅度： C. 減少 弗洛依德認(rèn)為個性中不受社會道德規(guī)范約束的部分是（ B. 本我 ） 工作比較單純，不需要復(fù)雜的知識和技能，完成一項工作需要大家的配合，或從事連鎖性的工作，（ A. 同質(zhì)群體 ）可能達(dá)到最高的工作績效。（ 對） 組織結(jié)構(gòu)是要將組織的個體和群體以分散的方式去完成工作任務(wù)。（√） 血液占優(yōu)勢的屬于粘液質(zhì)氣質(zhì)。（對 ） 如果作業(yè)比較簡單，而且人們能熟練地完成作業(yè)，當(dāng)有別人在場觀察時會發(fā)生社會抑制作用。（對 ） 期望理論認(rèn)為，目標(biāo)的效價越高，激勵力量就越大。（對 ） 黑膽汁占優(yōu)勢的屬于膽汁質(zhì)氣質(zhì)。（ 錯） 菲德勒在研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)：關(guān)心任務(wù)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者在 不利的 或 有利的 情況下，將是最有效的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。 E、組織生命周期理論認(rèn)為 J、企業(yè)組織同人一樣具有生命周期，有它的童年、青年、壯年和老年時期。 C、性格 H、是指個體對人對事所持有的一種具有持久而又一致的心理和行為傾向。 D、態(tài)度 I、是個體為完成某種活動所必備的基本心理素質(zhì)，它也是基本的心理特征之一。在組織的不同時期，根據(jù)不同的要求，管理人員應(yīng)該采取相適應(yīng)的管理方式，渡過危機，向更高級的管理階段過渡，以奪取更大的成功。（ 對） 弗魯姆和耶頓認(rèn)為，合理的原則就是如果決策的質(zhì)量并不重要，而決策的接受性卻很重要，那么最好采用第二種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式。（錯 ） 集權(quán)和分權(quán)的統(tǒng)一的關(guān)鍵是上級和下級之間通過直接的交流渠道而形成的聯(lián)結(jié)關(guān)系 。（ 錯） 強化理論是基于這樣的假設(shè)：受到獎勵的行為會重復(fù)進行、而招致懲罰后果的行為會更加趨向于重復(fù)發(fā)生。（ 錯） 四分圖理論認(rèn)為，哪種行為效果好結(jié)論是不肯定的。（ 錯） 研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)個人的才智 .管理能力 .首創(chuàng)性 .自信以及個性等與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的有效性沒有關(guān)系。(錯 ) 組織結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整與完善是現(xiàn)代組織變革的外部原因之一。 管理人員的來源可以采用外部選聘與內(nèi)部培養(yǎng)這樣兩種不同的做法，從對企業(yè)的長期發(fā)展來看，其中內(nèi)部培養(yǎng)做法所存在的主要問題是： D. 會引起同事不滿并造成近親繁殖 將人視為自私自利、好逸惡勞的是哪一種假設(shè)？（ A. 經(jīng)濟人 ） 具有高水平的專長，善于在活動 中進行創(chuàng)造性思維，引發(fā)靈感，活動成果突出而優(yōu)異的人屬于（ C. 天才 ） 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的連續(xù)流理論是（ B. 坦南鮑母和施密特 ）提出的 面談法屬于下面組織行為學(xué)研究方法中哪種研究方法？（ B. 調(diào)查法 ） 某大型證券公司將其所有活動組成銀行部、一級市場部、二級市場、行政業(yè)務(wù)部等部門。從管理的角度看，你認(rèn)為出現(xiàn)這種情況的主要原因最大可能在于： B. 總經(jīng)理投入的管理時間不夠，致使管理人員產(chǎn)生了看法 某公司有三級管理層：公司總部、產(chǎn)品部（共有 12 個產(chǎn)品部 ）和各職能部門。 事業(yè)部制的主要不足 在于： B. 不利于靈活調(diào)整經(jīng)營策略 事業(yè)部制最主要的特點： B. 實行分權(quán)化管理 談話法屬于組織行為學(xué)的哪種研究方法？（ B. 調(diào)查法 ） 提出需要層次論的是（ B. 馬斯洛 ）。 科學(xué)的研究方法應(yīng)遵循的原則是（ ＡＢＣＤＥ ） A、研究程序的公開性 B、收集資料的客觀性 C、分析方法的系統(tǒng)性 D、觀察與實驗條件的可控性 E、所得結(jié)論的再現(xiàn)性 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)規(guī)范模式（領(lǐng)導(dǎo)參與理論）提出了選擇領(lǐng)