【正文】 這一系統(tǒng)的這項(xiàng)技術(shù)已轉(zhuǎn)入印度 [10]. 致謝 作者非常感謝帕卡普爾博士、主任，昌迪加爾 CSIO 的科學(xué)家 PK Jain 博士和 PK 戈埃爾，昌迪加爾生物化學(xué)系 GMCH 32 代理團(tuán)長(zhǎng) Jasbinder 考爾博士提供必要的設(shè)施和工作中的幫 27 助以及臨床評(píng)價(jià)。 單片機(jī)根據(jù)適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算算法計(jì)算這些數(shù)字值 [6]. . 算法 該儀器研制工程有四個(gè)不同的模式，如濃度（終點(diǎn)） ，動(dòng)力學(xué)模式，固定時(shí)間模式，和吸收模式。要獲得所需波長(zhǎng)的光通過(guò)， 6 干擾過(guò)濾器 的過(guò)濾不同波長(zhǎng)，如 340納米， 405 納米， 505納米， 546 納米， 578納米和 630 納米，從紫外區(qū)，以可見(jiàn)光區(qū)光譜（ 300nm 的 700納米） ，已安裝在過(guò)濾器方向盤上。輥型蠕動(dòng)泵中使用的除塵系統(tǒng)所需的貨量試劑 /樣品及洗滌。 C 的初始利率，采用固定的時(shí)間，終點(diǎn)，和動(dòng)力學(xué)方法。整個(gè)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)如圖 4所示。這些系統(tǒng)可用于醫(yī)院，以測(cè)試各種血液生化指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果被認(rèn)為是可與其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文書(shū)。C by initial rates using fixed time, end point, and kiic methods. System allows selecting any required temperature and maintains the temperature of flow cell at that selected temperature because enzymes are relatively fragile substances which have a tendency to undergo inactivation or denaturation [1]. So to get the proper enzymatic rate and for increasing the stability they must be properly handled while conducting the test and must be kept at required temperatures. Temperature sensor LM355 14 Figure 3: Block diagram of clinical chemistry analyser. Figure 4: Microcontrollerbased hardware design of clinical chemistry analyser. and peltier device are used to provide and maintain the required temperature for the samples in flow cell. Peltier works in both directions for cooling and heating. This effect is used to control the temperature of the sample. (iv) Peristaltic pump/aspiration system Port1 of 8031 microcontroller is interfaced with a stepper motor through a driver hardware that drives the roller type of peristaltic pump which generates the required sequence of pulses for the 15 motor driving hardware. The driver hardware enhances the level of voltage for pulse sequences required for the stepper motor. Roller type peristaltic pump used in the system is aspirating the required volume of reagents/samples and for washing the flow cell. This pump can be calibrated to aspirate the required quantity of water, reagent, and samples. (v) Optical module and filter wheel assembly Optical module consists of a light source with reflector, condenser system, collimating objectives, flow cell, filter wheel assembly, and photodiode. Halogen lamp is used as a light Figure 5: Isometric view of filter wheel assembly and Peltier device. source. A constant current power supply is used to power the lamp to reduce the fluctuations in the light. All optical ponents have been designed with quartz glass to have good transmission in UV region at 340 nm. Keeping in view the low response of photo detector in UV (340 nm), all the optical ponents have been provided with enhanced antireflection coating in the UV region. In the optomechanical assembly, special care has been taken in the design so that each ponent is properly aligned with respect to optical axis. To get the required wavelength of light to be passed, 6 interference filters of different wavelengths such as 340 nm, 405 nm, 505 nm, 546 nm, 578 nm, and 630 nm, from UV region to visible region spectrum (300nm to 700 nm), have been mounted on the filter wheel. These filters are selected automatically depending on the test performed. When the filter of required wavelength is selected, the corresponding gain is selected automatically. The filter wheel is driven by a stepper motor, which is interfaced with the port of microcontroller through driver circuit. Pulses are generated according to required sequence to rotate the motor at required angle, which brings the filter in front of photo detector. The diagram of filter wheel assembly is shown in Figure 5. . Methods (i) Signal processing Advances in electronics and microcontroller technology have played a central role in signal processing [5]. Computers are included in automated analysis for data acquisition and processing 16 of analytical data. Output of photodiode and preamplifier is a voltage which varies directly with the light which is passed through the flow cell and selected wavelength filter. Preamplifier gain is selected automatically as per the selected test parameter and filter. Output of preamplifier is converted into digital value by a 12bit analog to digital converter. Microcontroller performs calculations on these digital values according to the appropriate calculation algorithms developed [6]. . Methods for calculation The instrument developed works in four different modes such as concentration (end point), kiic mode, fixedtime mode, and absorbance mode. For measurement of concentration in different modes, different formulas are used as shown below. (1) Concentration (end point)mode: Concentration of sample=Abs. Sample(Conc. of Standard/Abs. of Standard) (6) Or Concentration of sample